法律论证:一个关于司法过程的理论神话——以王斌余案检验阿列克西法律论证理论

阿列克西的法律论证理论无力为司法程序和司法判决提供有用的启示和指导,这种理论的前提缺乏经验基础,论证也出现了自相矛盾,并且由于忽略了司法过程中的交易成本和权力运作而从总体上误解了司法过程所追求的现实目标。当法官从实在法范围内无法获得令人满意的判决结果时,应当求助于社会科学的论证,而不是道德哲学的论证,后者无力为法律疑难问题提供决策方案,充其量也只能够大致满足公众寻找正当性依据的心理需求。     

关于“法理分析”和“法律分析”的断思

经过二十余年的法学复兴,中国学者开始重视法学方法论的研究,其中以法律分析、法理分析、法理透视、法哲学思考命名的论文日益增多.这表明学者已认识到法学乃至于法理学是一门相对独立的学科,其学科知识的体系性、思维方式的独特性已受到程度不同的关注.但是,那种简单贴标签式的命题值得推敲.本刊编辑陈立风与山东大学法理学专业的部分师生举办对法律分析和法理分析进行反思的小型学术沙龙,展开了对话式的探讨.现刊载部分,意在引起学界对此问题的共鸣.     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries: Local and Global Impact

The ongoing discoveries of natural-gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean region significantly affect international relations. Since their viability has been increasingly confirmed, they have attracted public attention in the international energy market. Focusing on current gas production and trading in the Middle East, this paper studies the anticipated impact of gas production in the sea on geopolitical relations in the Middle East and investigates how these results may change the geoeconomic strategies of global energy-market players as well as nearby countries. In addition, our analyses provide comprehensive insights into the evolution of gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean.     

Molecular Identification of Necrophagous Dermestes Species in South Korea Using Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Nucleotide Sequences (Genus Dermestes)

Species identification of necrophagous insects found on a dead body is an essential key in applying medicolegal entomology to the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). Due to limited morphological identification of insect evidence, several studies have identified species using molecular information such as DNA markers. While considerable cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence data of necrophagous fly species have been collected and annotated, those of necrophagous beetle species have not. Since necrophagous beetles such as Dermestes species have a larval period longer than that of flies, beetles are useful in even the late decomposition phase in estimating minimum PMI. To obtain the full-length COI gene sequences of six Dermestes species collected from South Korea, we designed primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. The obtained full COI nucleotide sequences were used for performing phylogenic analysis and comparison with previously reported sequences. The results demonstrated that the COI gene sequences could be used to identify forensically important Dermestes species in South Korea.     

Gender,ethnicity and feminism: an intersectional analysis of the lived experiences feminist academic women in UK higher education

Studies have begun to explore how those women academics committed to social justice, namely feminist academics, are navigating the increasingly managerial Academy. To understand how these multiple social identities, including gender and ethnicity, interact and intersect, this paper adopts an intersectional approach to understanding the heterogeneity of women’s experiences in academia. Five focus groups with feminist academics (n = 6–10 in each focus group) reveal concerns of hampered career progression as a consequence of being female and openly feminist. Some ethnic minority academics felt that they were forced to choose between a feminist identity or that of their ethnic background. For some women, their feminist identity provided opportunities for challenging dominant practices. The paper concludes that the heterogeneity of feminist academics’ experiences within academia is under-researched and that the lens of intersectionality helps to illuminate this. This paper advances understanding of multiple identities at work, though demonstrating that intersectionality can lead to the accumulation of advantage as well as disadvantage in relation to social identities such as gender and ethnicity, and a political identity such as feminist.     

中国沿海外商直接投资外移趋势分析

受外商投资区位优势加速变迁,国际经济环境剧烈变动,尤其是全球金融危机冲击实体经济,各国对国际直接投资(FDI)的争夺日趋激烈等因素影响,中国沿海地区劳动密集型制造业的FDI大量外移。减少FDI向国外转移,促进其向内地转移,既有利于沿海发达地区经济结构升级,又有利于推动内地经济发展和对外开放,加快中国工业化进程,增加国内就业机会。促进沿海劳动密集型制造业的FDI内移,必须正视中国二元经济结构的现实,避免工业化进程中好高骛远,选择内地区域中心,形成产业集群效应,拓展产业链条,降低外商投资内地的综合成本。     

多头带绦虫六钩蚴Tm45W基因的克隆表达与免疫原性分析

为分析多头带绦虫Tm45W重组蛋白的免疫原性,利用RT-PCR技术首次从激活的多头带绦虫六钩蚴中扩增出多头带绦虫Tm45W基因。将扩增产物重组于原核表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建pET32a-Tm45W表达载体,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白;表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析后,将纯化的Tm45W重组蛋白免疫小鼠,用ELISA检测其血清抗体。结果显示,Tm45W基因全长为813bp,其开放阅读框为765bp,编码255个氨基酸,与多头带绦虫新疆株多头蚴45m基因(序列号:EU326106)的部分序列同源性为90.60%;表达的重组蛋白大小为45ku,与脑多头蚴病羊血清的免疫印迹分析呈阳性反应;小鼠免疫后第1周血清中即可检测到抗Tm45W蛋白的特异性抗体,并于免疫后第35天达到高峰。结果表明Tm45W重组蛋白具有较好的反应活性,能引起机体较强的体液免疫反应。     

共同富裕究竟离我们有多远？——对平等主义理论与实践的一些思考

"共同富裕"作为"各尽所能,按需分配"的替代性目标,其实质是一种平等主义理想.西方新自由主义、激进平等主义及保守自由主义都认为不存在至善的平等、无差别的平等,平等具有动态性与过程性.共同富裕作为传统政治哲学平等范畴中次层次的目标具有客观性、经验性的特征,在中国有实现的可能性与现实性.为了消除中国过去极左思想的不良影响和解决贫富差距扩大的现实困境,当前应加强制度建设,促进教育平等,健全社会保障体系、就业体系等.     

英国刑事法律援助质量控制体系及启示

英国几百年刑事法律援助的传统和巨额的政府财政支持,培育了很多先进的法律援助质量控制理念和方法,值得我们在刑事法律援助工作中加以学习和借鉴。本文认为,确立刑事及死刑辩护法律援助的优先地位,提高刑事法律援助律师办案的意愿和积极性,保证刑事及死刑辩护法律援助律师胜任办案的必要能力,建立刑事法律援助早期介入机制,细化工作程序和完善质量保证措施,建立系统化的质量保证体系,将刑事辩护法律援助办案费用支出纳入财政预算,等等,都是建立中国刑事法律援助质量控制体系需要参考借鉴的重要方面。