全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8276篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 207篇 |
工人农民 | 1070篇 |
世界政治 | 173篇 |
外交国际关系 | 286篇 |
法律 | 4682篇 |
中国政治 | 1篇 |
政治理论 | 1858篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 1275篇 |
2017年 | 1199篇 |
2016年 | 1010篇 |
2015年 | 61篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 183篇 |
2011年 | 912篇 |
2010年 | 1013篇 |
2009年 | 578篇 |
2008年 | 731篇 |
2007年 | 688篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 62篇 |
2004年 | 171篇 |
2003年 | 140篇 |
2002年 | 27篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8278条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
931.
Michael J. Lynch 《Critical Criminology》2016,24(2):247-262
Certain forms of criminology such as social disorganization theory examine how community characteristics influence crime. That approach, however glosses over the fact that the distribution of community advantages and disadvantages (CAD) has structural origins, and that the distribution of CAD is also an indicator of the kinds of social, economic and ecological injustice communities face. Building on observations recently made by Moloney and Chambliss concerning the integration of state and green criminological research, this article explores the structural origins of CAD, how taking a political economic view of CAD relates to the distribution of crime and injustice in communities, and how a CAD approach promotes the integration of state crime, radical criminological and green criminological research. 相似文献
932.
Jeralynn S. Cossman Jeremy R. Porter Nicole E. Rader 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(3):565-582
We examine the understudied link between mental/physical health problems and their relationship with perceived unsafety via higher levels of vulnerability. We examine this relationship by linking data at the individual-level, the neighborhood-level, and the county-level using the Portraits of American Life Survey (PALS). Using this data we examine the effect of individual and neighborhood conditions on perceived safety while controlling for county-level crime rates. Findings indicate that higher numbers of physical impairment and mental health issues are independently related to higher levels of perceived unsafety. Both mental and physical health problems are associated with higher levels of fear. These higher levels of vulnerability then directly contribute to higher levels of feeling of unsafety. Unlike past research, we find a mental health link to fear of crime that cannot be explained by physical impairments. 相似文献
933.
Adam Dobrin Justin J. Smith Jennifer H. Peck Ken Mascara 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(3):522-538
With growing numbers of female staff in correctional settings, issues relating to promotional fairness are certain to occur. Historically, female detention staff held perceptions of being discriminated against in the promotional process due to gender biases. However, there is almost no recent examination of these perceptions. The current study addresses this shortcoming in the literature by using a sample of 362 sworn detention deputies ranked Sergeant and below at a large southern-central United States jail. Contrary to the data from a generation ago, more male detention staff perceive gender biases in the promotional process than females, and report that promotional decisions are based on arbitrary and informal factors. Women are more likely to perceive promotions to be fair and based on merit. Results are discussed in relation to two theoretical perspectives: the importation-differential experiences model, and the work-role prisonization model. 相似文献
934.
Jeffrey J. Roth 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(4):796-813
This study examines macro-level variation in juvenile theft and burglary arrest rates using a sample of 127 large cities in the United States. Independent variables were drawn from routine activities theory and included measures of guardianship (e.g., portion of families with both parents working, police to resident ratio, etc.), the number of motivated offenders (e.g., portion of the population under age 18), and the availability of suitable targets (e.g., poverty rates). Both ordinary least squares and weighted least squares regression analyses were performed. These analyses found that the significant predictors varied between burglary and theft. Additionally, there were differences in the predictors which significantly affected the arrest rates of male and female juveniles. However, within each offense the models explained similar portions of the overall variation in arrests for both genders. 相似文献
935.
This paper provides new insights on the study of crime modeling through the development of a hybrid cellular automaton (CA) and Multi-agent System (MAS) simulation model that is able to combine components of multiple criminological theories to forecast the locations of residential burglary targets: journey to crime (JTC), social disorganization (SD) theory, and routine activity (RA) theory. In order to combine individual factors from each theory into a unified model, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed for hierarchical parameter selection. The model is then evaluated using data on offenders obtained from the Dallas Police Department to examine how different crime theories perform in the prediction of residential burglary. Compared to the SD- and RA-weighted models, the JTC-weighted model performed the best when comparisons were made to actual burglary locations. The findings demonstrate that the simulation models of crime provide test beds for research into the explanatory power of various crime theories. 相似文献
936.
Turgut Ozkan John L. Worrall Alex R. Piquero 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(3):402-423
Following recent high-profile deaths of unarmed African American suspects at the hands of police, a number of reforms have been proposed, among them improved minority representation in the ranks of law enforcement organizations. Previous research has explored the effects of minority representation on complaints against the police and other behaviors, but very few studies have examined violence toward the police. We merged several data sources together and tested the hypothesis that minority representation within police departments is inversely associated with assaults against the police. In an extension of prior research, we also conducted separate analyses for African American, Hispanic, and Asian officer representation. The results did not support the expectation that diversity within police organizations results in improved police-citizen interactions, as measured by assaults on police. This study is one of the few to examine how different measures of minority representation in police agencies relates to assaults on the police. 相似文献
937.
Monic Behnken Michael G. Vaughn Christopher P. Salas-Wright Matt DeLisi 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(2):185-201
The goal of the present study is to clarify the heterogeneity of risky behaviors (such as substance use, gambling, and crime) and psychiatric disorders among a large sample of 5304 nationally representative adults who acknowledge engaging in sexually-impulsive behaviors. Participants were selected from more than 43,000 respondents of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of sexually-impulsive individuals and then multinomial regression was used to identify the relative risk for comorbidity with related impulsive behaviors or psychiatric disorders. Results showed that a four class solution provided the best fit and revealed higher odds of experiencing specific comorbid risky behaviors or psychiatric disorders based on class membership. Results challenge the widely held notion that self-regulatory behaviors are impacted globally, and instead suggest that certain self-regulatory behaviors are more likely to be impacted when other underlying conditions are present in sexually-impulsive individuals. Implications of this heterogeneity and recommendations for health care providers are discussed. 相似文献
938.
Tina L. Lee 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2016,41(2):236-254
Citizen police academies (CPAs) are popular programs developed by police departments with the twin goals of educating the public about law enforcement and improving police-community relationships. Citizen police academies can help law enforcement agencies by providing them with graduates who may support police departments through volunteering, crime reporting, advocacy, and crime prevention. CPAs may aid citizens by providing them with opportunities to work with the police to make their communities safer. During the course of the citizen police academy, not only will participants have opportunities to learn more about the police depar'tment and their communities, but they may be given opportunities to patrol with police officers, solve mock crime scenes, or attend moot court. This study examines citizen police academies in Tennessee and provides an exploratory investigation of the programs and its participants. Data obtained from 31 police departments indicate CPA programs with more than a 20 year history in Tennessee. Results of a pretest and posttest of 4 citizen police academies’ participants found that attending these programs significantly and positively changed participants’ familiarity with the police chief, local law enforcement, community crime, and the criminal justice system. 相似文献
939.
Jing Liu Michael Faure 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2016,16(2):165-187
Following the Fukushima disaster in Japan in 2011, how the compensation system for nuclear damage should be improved has obtained broad attention. The compensation system, including liability rules, insurance and government involvement, does not only concern to what extent the victims can be sufficiently compensated, but is also relevant to create incentives for the nuclear industry to enhance safety. International compensation regimes for nuclear damage started to emerge since 1960s, but still fail to engage some (potentially) big “nuclear power” ones. The Japanese and Chinese systems are such ones which received less attention until recently. This paper will, on the one hand, engage in a positive study by giving a comparison between the international regime, the Japanese and the Chinese system; on the other hand, provide a normative analysis by using economic criteria to examine the efficiency of the systems and formulate suggestions for reform. 相似文献
940.
Neda A. Zawahri Ariel Dinar Getachew Nigatu 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2016,16(2):307-331
International rivers create complex relationships between their riparian states, which can contribute to economic, political, and social losses. Treaties provide a means for states to coordinate their actions in managing international river disputes to minimize these losses. However, there is little knowledge about treaty content and the factors influencing treaty design. We test whether a relationship exists between the challenges of negotiating, complying, and distributing the gains in bilateral, multilateral, and basin-wide negotiation contexts and the depth of cooperation along with the degree of institutionalization. While the great challenges confronting multilateral or basin-wide negotiations can produce treaties that focus on joint gains and shallow cooperation to secure the signature of riparians, we find that they can also provide opportunities for deeper, more behavior-altering, cooperation. To manage the difficulties of maintaining multilateral cooperation, we find a higher degree of institutionalization. We also find that bilateral negotiations provide states with opportunities for deeper cooperation, but a lower degree of institutionalization. 相似文献