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521.
This article examines changes in the revenue and expenditurepatterns of twelve major cities (six fiscally healthy; six fiscallydistressed) from fiscal years 1964 to 1979. The purpose of theexaminatin is to determine whether resource scarcity resultsin significantly different expenditure patterns, especiallyfor essential services (police, fire sanitation, and sewerage),social services (welfare, health, hospitals, and public housing),capital spending, and personal sevices (salaries). The resultsshow that changes inrevenue patterns are not significantly relatedto changes in expenditrue patterns, with the exception of capitalspending. The results support the theory that cutback budgetarystrategies are not significanely different from expansionarybudgetary strategies. Incrementalism (decrementalism) prevails. 相似文献
522.
523.
Two studies using vignettes explore some conditions under which equity, equality, and need as allocation rules are taken into
account by an outside allocator. Independent variables include information about success or failure of a work group, level
of morale of the group, relative contributions of work group members, responsibility for outcome, and influence of one individual
on others. Results suggest that differentiation based on both equity and need results from a focus on individual deserving
while equality among status equals results from focus on group level factors. An interaction between outcome and contribution
appears when group level factors are included; these effects also appear when there are two rather than only one target person
differing from the rest of a group; an overreward effect depends on attributions of responsibility for outcome; and an influential
member is seen as deserving even if a low contributor. No gender differences were found. 相似文献
524.
525.
Six socio-demographic and graphic and diagnostic and evaluation center (D&E) variables which influence juvenile post-adjudication
disposition into one of two treatment modalities, group home or institution, are examined. Data employed in this study were
gathered from completed case history records for 133 randomly sampled male juveniles processed over a six-month period by
a department of youth services (DYS) facility in a southern state.
Discriminant function analysis was used to determine statistical distinction between the two disposition groups. The discriminant
analysis yielded five variables of statistical significance (p<-.001, canonical r =−40) which included a D&E behavior measure,
age, number of past offenses, full scale IQ score, and seriousness of admitting offense.
Eighty-one percent of all cases were correctly classified using the selected socio-demographic and D&E variables. Race was
not found to be significant in the decision-making process at this level. 相似文献
526.
527.
where he directs the Europe-America and Global Security Projects. He has been Director of Studies of the International Institute
for Strategic Studies in London and taught on the faculty of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. He served the first Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence and was staff member for Western Europe on the National Security Council. This article is
a condensed version of his forthcoming book, America, Germany and the Future of Europe. 相似文献
528.
Robert Gregory 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》1995,54(2):171-183
Abstract: Recent contributions to AJPA have suggested new conceptual directions for public management in response to the stand-off between managerialists and their critics. In emphasising the inherent political dimensions of public management, this article seeks to build on these contributions. It does so by combining some of the insights of previous contributors with a simple matrix devised originally by American scholar James Q Wilson. The central proposition is that attempts to render public management more like private management have been too far-reaching, and do not adequately appreciate the intractable difficulties that stem from the types of task that are peculiar to public organisations. It is suggested that there should be less reliance on dubious metaphors borrowed from the business domain. Instead, a greater degree of theoretical eclecticism and conceptual discrimination should be used in understanding and developing public management. 相似文献
529.
Kalasinsky KS Bosy TZ Schmunk GA Ang L Adams V Gore SB Smialek J Furukawa Y Guttman M Kish SJ 《Journal of forensic sciences》2000,45(5):1041-1048
We measured concentrations of cocaine and its major metabolites (benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methylester, norcocaine, and cocaethylene) in 15 autopsied brain regions of 14 human chronic cocaine users. Only slight differences were observed in concentrations of cocaine and its metabolites amongst the examined brain areas. Although it is likely that some postmortem redistribution of the drug must have occurred, our data are consistent with the possibility that behaviorally relevant doses of cocaine are widely distributed throughout the brain of humans who use the drug on a chronic basis. Consideration should therefore be given to the possible pharmacological and toxicological actions of cocaine in both striatal and extra-striatal brain areas in human users of the drug. 相似文献
530.
Gregory C. Elliott 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1988,17(1):41-57
This study investigates the relationship between two primary motivational components of the self-concept: self-esteem and self-consistency. Past research has shown that high self-esteem is associated with greater consistency. Developed from theories of the self-concept, a structural model relating these two constructs was posited such that (1) self-esteem is causally prior to self-consistency, and (2) the effect of self-esteem is (at least partially) mediated by other components of the self-concept (self-consciousness, the tendency to fantasize, and the tendency to present a false front by hiding one's feelings). Utilizing a structural equation model with unobserved variables, an analysis of covariance structures was applied simultaneously but separately to data from a sample of boys and girls (ages 8–19). Results showed that the direct effect of self-esteem on self-consistency was stronger for boys than for girls. Further, the mediational properties of the other self-concept components also varied across gender. These differences are interpreted in light of theories of gender socialization.The research reported in this article was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 27747) to Morris Rosenberg. A version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, Illinois, August 17–21, 1987. Analysis was facilitated by the Computer Center, Brown University, and the Computer Science Center, University of Maryland.Received Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His major research interest include the self-concept of young children, fairness in social relationships, and impression management. 相似文献