Europäisierung — ein weites Feld. Literaturbericht und Forschungsfragen

Eusammenfassang Wenngleich sich Europ?isierung in der Politikwissenschaft noch zu keinem eigenst?ndigen Theoriestrang verdichtet hat, haben die Aktivit?ten in diesem Forschungsbereich in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich zugenommen. Nationalstaatliche Ver?nderungsprozesse fest im Blick, brachten diese Arbeiten einen lange vernachl?ssigten Bereich zurück auf die Forschungsagenda: die Rückwirkung der europ?ischen Integration auf den Nationalstaat. Dieser Bericht spiegelt den aktuellen Stand der Europ?isierungsdebatte wider und umfasst sowohl Prozesse der Europ?isierung von EU-Mitgliedsstaaten als auch von (potenziellen) Beitrittskandidaten. Darüber hinaus werden dringliche Forschungsfragen zukünftiger Europ?isierungsstudien aufgeworfen, um einen bescheidenen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Debatte zu leisten.     

How Valid Is Negotiation Research Based on Student Sample Groups? New Insights into a Long‐Standing Controversy

Although a considerable amount of research has examined the impact of experience on negotiation behavior and performance, we still know very little about the usefulness of student samples in negotiation research because most studies have compared the performance of inexperienced students with those who had received some kind of extensive negotiation training or with experienced professional negotiators(s). Against this background, we investigate whether the results obtained from trained student samples are generally similar to those of professional negotiators. Generally, our data confirm our hypotheses that students with some negotiation training and experience perform better than untrained student negotiators and that they are not significantly outperformed by professional negotiators. From this, we conclude that many questions in the field of negotiation research can be effectively tested by using trained students as experimental subjects.     

Interpreting model results — examples from an energy model

With the increasing use of complex computer models for high-level policy decisionmaking, the problem of correctly interpreting and communicating model results becomes a more general concern. This paper traces misconceptions about the use of models to the existence of different conceptions of the term model. Policy models are quite often less theory-based than models in the traditional disciplines, especially in cases where the policy models deal with the long-term developments of sociotechnical systems. The authors examine the use of an example of one such model. Generalising from the authors' experiences in other fields of application, e.g., global modeling, the problems of interpreting model results are discussed. The proper use of future-oriented policy models is clarified by the introduction of typologies implying distinctions, e.g., between forecasting, what-if, and learning models, and between different levels of results, viz. model outcomes, model inferences and policy-issue oriented interpretations.     

How Leadership and Public Service Motivation Enhance Innovative Behavior

Prior research has linked the innovative behavior of public sector employees to desirable outcomes such as improved efficiency and higher public service quality. However, questions regarding the drivers of innovative behavior among employees have received limited attention. This article employs psychological empowerment theory to examine the underlying processes by which entrepreneurial leadership and public service motivation (PSM) shape innovative behavior among civil servants. Based on three‐wave data from 281 Chinese civil servants and their 59 department heads, entrepreneurial leadership is found to positively influence subordinates' innovative behavior by enhancing two dimensions of psychological empowerment: meaning and impact. Additionally, PSM was found to influence subordinates' innovative behavior by enhancing the dimensions of meaning and competence. These findings suggest that to facilitate innovative behavior among employees, public organizations should consider introducing training that encourages leaders to serve as entrepreneurial role models and recruit employees with high levels of PSM.     

Does capital mobility reduce the corporate-labor tax ratio?

Previous empirical studies have shown that there is only a small negative (if any) effect of capital mobility on the corporate tax burden. Using data for up to 20 OECD countries in the period 1979–2000 this paper tries to investigate a less rigid hypothesis: Although capital taxes have not substantially declined in the last twenty years the relative burden of corporate to labor taxes may have fallen due to capital mobility. The results suggest that capital mobility has a weak negative impact on the corporate-labor tax ratio. Other factors however, i.e. the size of the country or the share of investment expenditures are more important in explaining the relative tax burden than capital mobility.