Externalizing and oppositional behaviors and karate-do: the way of crime prevention. A pilot study

Childhood disruptive behaviors can be precursors to later deviance. To verify the efficacy of karate, a complex psychomotor activity that enhances self-regulation and executive skills, as an intervention for externalizing behaviors, 16 children, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, and meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder were studied. Eight were randomly assigned to a 10-month Wa Do Ryu karate program, whereas 8 children received no intervention. The children were assigned to a larger karate class, composed of typically developing youngsters. Three domains of temperament--intensity, adaptability, and mood regulation--were measured at the beginning and the end of the training period in all 16 participants. A significant improvement in temperament scale scores was measured in the karate group for all tested items compared to controls. Karate, when properly taught, can be a useful adjunct in multimodal programs aimed at externalizing behavior reduction.     

中国的崛起:巴西(或拉丁美洲)视角

冷战后,世界上最显著、最值得注意的现象之一无疑是中国经济的强劲和持续增长、中国国际地位的巩固和中国作为一个全球性大国的出现。实际上,中国在国际体系中的新地位几乎在世界的每一个角落都可以被广泛地感受到,不过就其对每一个国家或地区的涵义而言,这种感受可能差别甚大。本文试图探讨巴西(某种程度上是拉丁美洲)如何看待中国的崛起,以及中国的崛起给巴西和拉美融入国际体系可能带来怎样的影响。这里有必要做一个初步的解释:从远处来看,拉丁美洲经常被看作是一个整体,但该地区是多样化的,不仅从社会和经济方面来看是这样,就是从拉美各…