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991.
In The Calculus of Consent (1962: 235) Buchanan and Tullock assert: (1)?ceteris paribus, while a coalition controlling less than a majority of voters may control in either chamber, the greater the difference in the bases of representation in the two houses, the less likely is any given coalition of voters to control a majority of the seats in both chambers; (2)?the potential of cross-chamber logrolls (on issues of unequal intensity) increases the likelihood that a minority may effectively control policy making. We link these ideas to social theory approaches to bicameralism and for the empirical study of legislatures. 相似文献
992.
Unlike some of its Western counterparts, where the first line of defence against corruption and unethical behavior has been a reliance on a public service ethos, the Hong Kong government has traditionally relied on strict compliance with rules and regulations in its successful drive against bureaucratic malpractices. Since 1997, however, a changing political, economic and administrative environment has also seen efforts to introduce a more value-based approach to integrity. This article examines the factors that have led to the modification of the Hong Kong government??s strategy and evaluates its success in the wider theoretical context of the relationship between a predominantly rule-based and a value-based approach to integrity management. 相似文献
993.
SD Easton 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2012,40(4):291-303
Men who were sexually abused during childhood represent a highly stigmatized, marginalized, and under-researched population at risk for a variety of problems across the lifespan. The purpose of the current study was to (a) describe characteristics of child sexual abuse (CSA) and adverse child experiences (ACE), and (b) examine the relationships among CSA characteristics, ACE, and stressors in adulthood. Using a cross-sectional design, the researcher collected data on 487 adult men through an anonymous, online survey. Bivariate analyses revealed that five CSA characteristics-age at first abuse (r?=?-.164), number of abusers (r?=?.231), use of physical force, penetration, and physical injury-were related to the number of ACE. Three CSA characteristics (use of physical force, penetration, and physical injury) and the number of ACE (r?=?.162) were positively related to the number of stressors in adulthood. Preliminary recommendations for prevention, intervention, and future research are provided. 相似文献
994.
Bray RS 《Journal of law and medicine》2012,19(3):569-592
At the beginning of 2008, the United Kingdom Government rolled into the Counter-Terrorism Bill some controversial proposals to reform coronial inquest processes, namely clauses that would provide for "secret inquests". The provisions were heavily criticised both inside and outside Parliament, and took a rocky passage through both the House of Commons and the House of Lords before eventually being abandoned by the government. In 2009 the government again tried to introduce "secret inquests" with the Coroners and Justice Bill, instead ultimately succeeding in establishing what critics have termed a "parallel" system of justice through provisions around "secret inquiries". This move has been seen as subverting the principles of transparency and open justice in the investigation of contentious deaths. This article examines the government's efforts to introduce "secret inquests" and thereafter "secret inquiries" in the context of the United Kingdom's coronial law and purpose, human rights obligations and the ongoing issues around sensitive intelligence, and examines the clash of laws that gave rise to the controversial proposals. 相似文献
995.
Niemi (1969), in an important but neglected paper, found that when orderings were drawn from a simulation based on the impartial culture, the greater the proportion of voter orderings that were single-peaked (a condition he called partial single-peakedness), the more likely was there to be a transitive group ordering. Niemi also found that the likelihood of transitivity increased with n, group size — approaching one as n grew large. Niemi's simulation was restricted to the case of three alternatives. Also, he provided no theoretical explanation for the results of his simulation. Here we provide a theoretical explanation for Niemi's results in terms of a model based on the idea of net preferences, and we extend his results for the general case of any finite number of alternatives, m, for electorates that are large relative to the number of alternatives being considered. In addition to providing a rationale for Niemi's (1969) simulation results, the ideas of net preferences and opposite preference we make use of have a wide range of potential applications. 相似文献
996.
A clarification of the effects of unemployment on political participation attitudes and behaviors is developed by contrasting the effect of unemployment experience across categories of socioeconomic status. Data on employed and unemployed heads of household are drawn from the 1976 University of Michigan national presidential election survey. The results indicate both main and interaction effects. Regardless of employment status, lower socioeconomic status respondents are less committed to voting, feel less efficacious, are less interested in politics, and are less politically active than persons of higher status. However, participation attitudes and behaviors are more adversely affected by unemployment experience among those of lower than higher status. Among higher status respondents, attitudes toward self (i.e., feelings of efficacy) and political interest—but not political activity or attitude toward the importance of participation—are altered by unemployment.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Southwestern Sociological meetings in Ft. Worth, Texas, March 1979. 相似文献
997.
Dr. Stan N. Finkelstein Dr. Eric A. von Hippel Mr. Jeffrey R. Scott 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1980,5(1):1-9
This paper is concerned with the impact of the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 and its implications in terms of innovation. With this objective the paper first describes the Medical Device Amendments of 1976. The paper then reports empirical evidence on the sources of a subset of innovations regulated by the Amendment's clinical chemistry diagnostic products. Finally, based on the pattern of innovations found, some thoughts are expressed about the likely effects of the Amendments. 相似文献
998.
A technique was developed to type the glyoxalase I (GLO I) isoenzymes using a mixed agarose/starch gel. Over six hundred blood samples from Caucasoid people living in separate regions of South Australia were examined and the results compared with other Caucasoid population surveys. Paired blood and semen samples were also tested and the limitations of the technique with regard to blood and semen stains analysis was evaluated. 相似文献
999.
Scott H. Decker 《Journal of criminal justice》1980,8(6):387-393
This research note explores the relationship between police minority recruitment and black attitudes toward the police. Two specific measures of the independent variable—minority recruitment—were examined. In spite of considerable speculation to the contrary, neither program variable was found to have the expected effect on minority attitudes. This held for a variety of dependent variables. Several suggestions about the results are offered and discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Scott W Allard Richard M Tolman Daniel Rosen 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2003,22(4):599-613
Currently, welfare programs coordinate a range of services to support work among welfare recipients and help them overcome barriers to employment. This paper considers the relationship between spatial proximity to and utilization of support services among welfare recipients. Accessibility of mental health and substance abuse service providers among welfare recipients is examined in the three-county Detroit metropolitan area and the relationship between mental health service accessibility and mental health service utilization among welfare recipients considered. Not only does access to service providers vary significantly across the metropolitan area by race and place, but these analyses reveal that greater spatial proximity to service providers increases the probability that welfare recipients will receive services. When controlling for access to providers and individual-level characteristics, we also find that African American welfare recipients are about half as likely to use mental health services as white recipients. 相似文献