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971.
972.
973.
The use of probability propositions is widespread in Intelligence estimation and strategic forecasts, as in everyday life. This paper attempts to give clear meaning to the use of probability statements for future strategic assessment. The first half presents possible interpretations in the philosophy of probability, while the second part applies the understandings of the first half to the Intelligence estimation process. A recommendation for a combination of ‘a priori’ interpretation of probability with a higher level of ‘relative frequency’ interpretation is the result of this paper. 相似文献
974.
Scott William Hoefle 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(2):95-123
In much of the debate about the current role of frontier development (settlement, colonization) in many so-called Third World countries, frontiers in the latter are invariably compared negatively with the late nineteenth-century experience of the IIS frontier held up as an example that others should attempt to follow Recent approaches to the history of the IIS frontier however have questioned the Jeffersonian and/or Turnerist ideal of an egalitarian democracy ofsmall farmers who managed to construct an harmonious and viable frontier in the New World. Rather than contributing positive cultural and political attributes and characteristics to American society, as was claimed by many IIS historians during the Cold War era, the IIS frontier involved genocide, demographic collapse, ecological devastation, economic exploitation and dependency, widespread inter-ethnic violence, social polarization, political corruption, disempowerment and ideological intolerance. The IIS frontier experience did not represent an agrarian reform favouring small farmers, nor was it one of equal opportunity: it should not, therefore, be held up as a model for the rest of the world to imitate if at all possible. 相似文献
975.
976.
Ashley D. Lewis E. Scott Huebner Patrick S. Malone Robert F. Valois 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(3):249-262
Situated within a positive psychology perspective, this study explored linkages between adolescent students’ positive subjective
well-being and their levels of engagement in schooling. Specifically, using structural equation modeling techniques, we evaluated
the nature and directionality of longitudinal relationships between life satisfaction and student engagement variables. It
was hypothesized that adolescents’ life satisfaction and student engagement variables would show bidirectional relationships.
To test this hypothesis, 779 students (53% female, 62% Caucasian) in a Southeastern US middle school completed a measure of
global life satisfaction and measures of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement at two time points, 5 months apart.
A statistically significant bidirectional relationship between life satisfaction and cognitive engagement was found; however,
non-significant relationships were found between life satisfaction and emotional and behavioral student engagement. The findings
provide important evidence of the role of early adolescents’ life satisfaction in their engagement in schooling during the
important transition grades between elementary and high school. The findings also help extend the positive psychology perspective
to the relatively neglected context of education. 相似文献
977.
In Ameron Int'l Corp. v. Ins. Co. of Pennsylvania, the California Supreme Court issued its long-awaited reconsideration of Foster-Gardner v. National Union Fire Ins. Co. which adopted the minority position that administrative notice letters are not “suits” that trigger a CGL insurer's duty to defend. In an important development for insurers and policyholders alike, Ameron limited Foster-Gardner, holding that an administrative process that resembles a court proceeding is a “suit” insurers must defend. This article surveys the majority rule, Ameron, and Ameron's possible impact in minority rule jurisdictions with Foster-Gardner-like precedent. 相似文献
978.
Scott A. Bonn 《Critical Criminology》2011,19(3):227-249
Critics argue that the G.W. Bush administration deliberately misled the U.S. public about an Iraqi threat after 9/11 but empirical
evidence that presidential deception influenced public support for war has been lacking. An examination of presidential rhetoric
concerning Iraq in the U.S. media revealed that it changed in tone after 9/11, consistent with moral panic processes. Logistic
regression analysis of public opinion leading up to the war revealed that shifts in support for invasion directly mirrored
presidential rhetoric. The findings of this study suggest that the Bush administration engineered a moral panic over Iraq
with the support of the media. 相似文献
979.
Few studies have examined how school characteristics are associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine
the student- and school-level characteristics associated with being overweight and obese among 12,049 students in grades 9
and 10 (junior students) attending 76 secondary schools in Ontario, Canada. The sample was 49.2% female and the average age was 14.7 years. Overall,
15.0% of the sample was considered overweight and 6.3% of the sample was considered obese. Multi-level regression analysis
revealed significant between-school random variation for the likelihood of a junior student (grade 9 or 10) being overweight
or obese. For each 1% increase in the prevalence of obese senior students (grade 11 and 12) at a school, the odds of a junior
student at that school being overweight or obese increased significantly. Important student-level characteristics included
physical activity, screen time sedentary behaviour (e.g., watching television), participation in varsity sports and gender.
Future research should evaluate if the optimal population level impact for school-based obesity prevention programming might
be achieved by targeting the schools that are putting students at the greatest risk. 相似文献
980.
Newman WJ Holt BW Rabun JS Phillips G Scott CL 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(2):300-121
Child sex tourism, the act of traveling to engage in sexual acts with minors, plagues developing nations worldwide. Several laws have been passed internationally in recent years designed to curtail this practice. Government entities and human rights organizations have driven these efforts. United States citizens represent a significant proportion of participants in child sex tourism. The PROTECT Act of 2003 prohibits United States citizens from participating in sexual acts with minors while traveling, and establishes extraterritorial jurisdiction. The case of Michael Lewis Clark, the first United States citizen convicted under this legislation, is highlighted. Child sex tourism poses unique issues to courts that will require ongoing clarification as challenges arise. This article discusses potential future challenges, describes strategies to address this problem, and relates this issue to psychiatry. Mental health providers may have the role of evaluating both the victims and perpetrators of child sex tourism. The authors propose a classification system for offenses and an initial list of topics to discuss with victims. The authors also describe the proper mechanism for reporting United States citizens suspected of participating in child sex tourism. 相似文献