Government supported industry-university research centers: Issues for successful technology transfer

In order to increase the use of federally supported research and development to increase U.S. industrial competitiveness, new partnerships are being developed among the research producers, users, and funders. This paper summarizes the evolution of federal technology transfer models with particular attention to university-industry cooperative research centers sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The advantages and potential problems associated with such centers are presented and the implications for technology and innovation are discussed.     

At-Risk Youth and Locus of Control: Do They Really See A Choice?

Cognitive learning theory of delinquency proposes mat as a result of early negative conditioning, particularly in the family and school settings, at-risk youth are more apt to develop an insecure, alienated belief system which increases the likelihood that they will perceive the world as a hostile place where their fate is in the hands of outside circumstances. According to the cognitive perspective, as the at-risk level of youth increases, their world view or locus of control will tend to become more external. The present study tests this proposition by investigating the relationship of at-risk level to locus of control for a sample of 196 juvenile shoplifters. The study utilizes an at-risk scale developed by the author and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Results generally confirm the hypothesis that level of risk is positively related to an external locus of control. Ways to reverse the cumulative process of learned insecurity and perceived alienation are discussed.     

House members as residual claimants: Campaign spending in the 1980s

Through 1992, federal election campaign laws and House rules permit U.S. Representatives holding office on 8 January 1980, to personally claim unspent campaign contributions when they retire, while other House members have to forfeit such sums. These rules provide differential incentives to pre-1980 members to more aggressively seek and yet refrain from spending political contributions than other House members. Regression estimates suggest that the privilege was worth almost $71,700 to the typical pre-1980 House member during the 1987–88 election cycle.     

Improving linear computer assisted learning

This paper draws upon research done at the Centre for Law and Computing at the University of Durham into different types of Computer Assisted Learning ('CAL') programs in law. The research concentrates on linear CAL programs and the features which authors may wish to incorporate into their programs in order to increase their effectiveness. It examines four linear CAL programs which were written with the specific goal of developing an understanding of basic legal principles. The findings of the research highlight the limitations of linear CAL, whilst making several specific suggestions how such programs should be implemented and enhanced.     

Wesen und Systematik des Integrierten Küstenzonenmanagements und daraus resultierende Anforderungen an Inhalt und Umsetzung

Diese Kurzdarstellung soll ein Beitrag zum Verständnis des Integrierten Küstenzonenmanagements (IKZM) sein. Sie will insbesondere dessen inhaltliche Anforderungen verdeutlichen und die daraus resultierenden Erfordernisse an die nationale Einführung eines IKZM herausarbeiten. Dazu wird die IKZM-Strategie zunächst überblicksartig vorgestellt, um danach anhand der aus den europäischen Vorgaben resultierenden Komponenten deren Systematik und grundlegende Regelungsgehalte herzuleiten. Danach werden die bisherigen nationalen Aktivitäten zum IKZM kritisch betrachtet, Defizite benannt und auf die Gefahr der Verwässerung des IKZM-Gedankens hingewiesen.