国际原子能机构的困境与未来

国际原子能机构成立的初衷是促进核能的民用,但如何在促进核能民用的同时防范核扩散是该机构诞生以来一直面临的困境。近年来,国际原子能机构在伊拉克和伊朗的核查历史表明,该机构所面临的挑战如果得不到妥善解决,那么,未来无论是在促进核能民用还是在防范核扩散方面均将作为有限。本文简要回顾了IAEA成立的历史,并在分析其内在困境以及在两伊核查中所存在问题的基础上,提出了IAEA应对日益增多的挑战的出路。     

Why should Austria be different from Germany? the two recent nationality reforms in contrast

The article compares and evaluates the two recent reforms of nationality law in Austria and Germany. Before the changes both countries were very similar cases in terms of their nationality and immigration policy. Both relied on strict ‘jus sanguinis’, the principle of descent which is anchored in their nationality laws. One implication of jus sanguinis is that it constantly reproduces ‘new-born’ foreigners, as the only way for foreign residents to obtain national citizenship is via naturalisation. This includes the obligation to renounce any former nationality. In its recent amendment in 2000, Germany has softened the principle of descent by introducing limited ‘jus soli’ with the obligation to opt for one nationality at the age of 23 at the latest. Austria, on the other hand, has stuck to its tradition and introduced restricted reform. The article will outline the context of the two amendments. Why has the outcome been so different although both countries have faced so many similar experiences and circumstances? I will trace the development of both amendments and highlight the backgrounds of these two so contrasting decisions: two different attempts to deal with naturalisation of long-term immigrants and new-born foreigners.     

加快济南现代农业由城郊型向都市型转变研究

在市委提出＂拓展城市发展空间,打造现代产业体系＂总体要求下,济南市如何打造具有省会特色的现代农业产业体系？这是一个迫切需要思考和实践的问题。积极推动济南农业由城郊型向都市型转变,逐步建立起与省会城市发展相匹配,与经济、生态、文化功能相协调的都市型现代农业体系,对于完善省会城市功能、推进城乡一体化、促进农业增效和农民增收、改善生态环境、提高城乡居民生活质量、实现省会经济的可持续发展等,都具有十分重要的战略意义和现实意义。     

Preventing suicide in prisons, part II. International comparisons of suicide prevention services in correctional facilities

The International Association for Suicide Prevention created a Task Force on Suicide in Prisons to better disseminate the information in this domain. One of its objectives was to summarize suicide-prevention activities in the prison systems. This study of the Task Force uncovered many differences between countries, although mental health professionals remain central in all suicide prevention activities. Inmate peer-support and correctional officers also play critical roles in suicide prevention but there is great variation in the involvement of outside community workers. These differences could be explained by the availability of resources, by the structure of the correctional and community services, but mainly by the different paradigms about suicide prevention. While there is a common and traditional paradigm that suicide prevention services are mainly offered to individuals by mental health services, correctional systems differ in the way they include (or not) other partners of suicide prevention: correctional officers, other employees, peer inmates, chaplains/priests, and community workers. Circumstances, history, and national cultures may explain such diversity but they might also depend on the basic way we think about suicide prevention at both individual and environmental levels.     

从“省直管县财政改革”迈向“省直管县行政改革”——安徽省直管县财政改革的调查与思考

安徽等地实行的省直管县财政改革和扩权强县改革,在创新财政体制、推动县域经济发展、提高行政管理效率等方面取得了明显成效,但省直管县财政体制与市管县行政体制并存也产生了亟待解决的问题。要从根本上解决这些问题,继续放大财政改革和扩权改革的体制能量与制度功效,必须适时启动和稳步推进省直管县行政改革,构建扁平化的省直管县公共行政体制。     

论侵权责任法规定行政侵权责任的必要性

行政侵权与一般民事侵权是两种不同的侵权,行政侵权责任是在公法领域中发生的私法责任。法院在审判实践中处理行政侵权案件时,应当优先适用国家赔偿法的有关规定;国家赔偿法无规定时则适用一般法,也就是适用侵权责任法的规定。民事法律规范在行政赔偿问题上的继续适用有内在的合理性;侵权责任法草案对行政侵权责任做出原则性的规定,符合我国的立法传统。因此,将来的侵权责任法规定行政侵权责任是必要的,也是可行的。     

加拿大面对的北极挑战:主权、安全与认同

由于全球暖化对北极地区产生的影响,使得北极资源开采与航运的战略价值再度成为人们关注的亮点。西北航道开通的可能性,以及北极蕴藏的丰富石油、天然气与矿物,让观察家认为加拿大北极主权问题将再度成为争议的核心。美加之间多年来关于西北航道控制权的争议,以及环北极国家之间因大陆架延伸的重叠而发生纠纷,并非一定会导致冲突,相反地,透过协调与外交斡旋或许对各方更有利。加拿大北极主权问题,其实也是认同问题,而加拿大必须展现对北极地区更多的投入意愿。     

加强学科在高校研究生培养中的作用

随着研究生招生规模的扩大,出现了研究生培养质量下降的现象,本文针对目前我国高校研究生扩招的现状,分析了目前高校研究培养存在的主要问题,并从学科发展趋势及特性出发,分析了学科在研究生培养中的作用,认为加强学科对导师和研究生的培养、管理和监督,有利于保证和提高研究生培养的水平和质量。