通过程序制裁遏制刑事程序违法

在中国的刑事诉讼中,程序违法现象极为普遍,这在很大程度上是因为,现行的刑事诉讼法是一部缺乏制裁机制即违反之后没有法律后果的"软"法。刑事诉讼法基本上已经丧失了作为法律所应当具有的约束力,甚至沦落为规则的宣示或告诫。欲使刑事诉讼法成为"真正"的法律,就必须为其注入"制裁"这一法律规范的应有要素。而为刑事诉讼法注入"制裁"要素,应走"以程序制裁为中心"的道路,这是由程序制裁的独特优势所决定的。     

论应急预案的性质和效力——以国家和省级预案为考察对象

应急预案在本质上是各种应急法律规范的具体执行方案,但分析发现,目前的国家和省级预案却创制、补充了大量的法律规范用于弥补立法缺陷,事实上已使预案本身异化为应急法律体系的一部分。对于预案中暂时替代法律发挥作用的这些内容,为了保证其合法性,有必要在形式上将一定级别的预案上升为行政法规和规章,从而需要对预案的编制程序和内在结构进行必要的调整。     

法律规则与法律原则:质的差别?

国内对法律原则的研究模式大量援引德沃金的相关理论,却没能突出德沃金的一个重要定性:法律规则与法律原则存在质的差别。在这种一般模式之外,国内外学者在抽象程度之别、实定性之别、形式原则之别、理由类型之别等方面试图实现对法律规则与法律原则质的差别的建构。但是,这要么不符合德沃金的基本论述,要么无法实现德沃金的理论目标——挑战法律实证主义的法律概念理论。本文尝试提出一种解读:放弃分类学模式,不把法律规则和法律原则看作两种规范类型,而将其看作两种不同的规则理论。     

河北省社区矫正工作机制与规范运行研究

社区矫正工作机制的建立,完善和规范运行是保证此项工作健康开展的基础条件.我国社区矫正工作从2003年开始试点、2005年扩大试点范围到2009年10月中央决定在全国全面试行,先后经历了三个发展阶段.河北省自2005年作为国家确定的第二批试点省份开展社区矫正试点工作以来,进行了一些体制机制创新,制发了一批规范性文件,保证了试点工作的基本健康运行,取得了一定的成绩.但从目前情况看,已有工作典型(如:"泊头经验")的示范性效应不明显,各试点地区基本仍处于各自为战状态,尚未形成仝省统一的规范化运行模式.这不仅阻碍了此项工作在河北省的快速发展,而且也很难形成具有特色的矫正模式,最近召开的全国社区矫正工作会议明确提出了加强社区矫正工作制度化、规范化、法制化建设的日标要求.力求以全国会议精神为指导,基于河北省社区矫正试点工作实际,重点分析河北省社区矫正工作机制中存在的问题,并对此提出建议和对策,以期对河北省社区矫正工作的规范化运行和社区矫正工作的全面试行提供智力支持和决策参考.     

Substance use and abuse among adolescent runaways: A four-year follow-up study

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study Youth Survey (NLSY), runaway status in early adolescence (ages 14–15) was associated with subsequent (four years later) substance abuse, alcohol problems, and school dropout status. Three runaway categories were formed—never runaway, runaway once, and runaway two or more times. Overall, the repeat runaways reported engaging in higher levels of substance use and abuse than never and once runaways. However, some degree of gender specificity in the relationships for repeat runaways and substance abuse was found. Female repeat runaways were particularly susceptible to abusing illicit drugs (and not acoohol), whereas male repeat runaways manifested a more generalized susceptability to abusing alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Whereas substance use and abuse were linearly associated with runaway status, both the one-time and repeat runaways manifested equivalent proportions of school dropouts, and at levels far exceeding never runaways. Results are discussed with regard to the heterogeneous developmental pathways leading toward and away from adolescent runaways.Dr. Windle's major research interests involve the identification of high risk factors and then influences on adolescent substance use and other problem behaviors.     

Adolescent sexual activity and pregnancy: Socioenvironmental problems,physical health,and mental health

This paper examines the association between adolescent pregnancy and socioenvironmental, physical, and mental health problems in 1590 inner-city females aged 13–18 who use health clinics. Adolescents who have become pregnant, those who are sexually active but never have been pregnant, and those who are sexually inactive are compared. The sexually active youngsters come from more psychosocially disadvantaged backgrounds than their sexually inactive peers; the sexually active girls who become pregnant come from more psychosocially disadvantaged backgrounds than those who have never been pregnant. Despite this, the youths who have become pregnant do not have more current relationship problems, more stressful life events, or worse physical health than the never-pregnant sexually active youths. Although sexually inactive youths have the lowest rates of mental health problems, adolescents who have been pregnant have lower rates of anxiety and conduct disorder symptoms than those who are sexually active but never pregnant.Supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Fieldwork conducted by Survey Research Associates.Research interests include adolescents and children, parenting, and families.Research interests include epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorder.Research interests include psychiatric epidemiology/deviant behavior.Research interests include mental health and statistical issues.Research interests include health behavior and mental health issues.     

中国性别平等与妇女发展评估报告(1995-2005)

本报告基于全面小康社会性别平等与妇女发展指标研究,从健康、教育、经济、政治与决策、家庭和性别平等与妇女发展的社会环境六个方面对中国和各省、自治区、直辖市性别平等与妇女发展状况进行评估。指出男女两性在不同领域的发展差距,以及不同经济社会发展水平的地区的性别平等与妇女发展程度与差异等。报告表明,经济社会发展并不必然带来性别平等与妇女发展状况的改善。