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61.
This study describes women accused of setting fires in the City of New York who were evaluated between 1980 and 1983 at the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic for the New York Criminal and Supreme Courts. Consideration is given to their age, ethnicity, history of prior mental illness, abuse of controlled substances, economic status, family background, education, and employment. Their methodology, planning, and targeting for their firesetting behavior, as well as reported motivations for engaging in arson, are also considered. 相似文献
62.
Mark G. Harmon 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2013,29(3):369-397
Objective
Sentencing guidelines, statutory presumptive sentencing, determinate sentencing, truth in sentencing, and three strikes are important components of the criminal justice system. The main purpose behind a relatively-fixed sentence is to remove judicial discretion by insuring that convicted felons receive a reasonably-assumed sentence depending on the crime committed. The current study assessed shifts in year-to-year changes in incarceration rates within all 50 states from the years 1965–2008 due to the adoption of sentencing reforms.Methods
The study tests two competing theories, a normative theory and critical theory of the expected effects of reforms on imprisonment. Data was analyzed using panel regression with unit-specific fixed effects, conditional change scores, panel corrected standard errors, and a new measure of reforms.Results
This study, possibly due to differences in model specification, ran counter to a number of previous studies and suggests some “front-end” sentencing reforms and “back-end” release changes are, on average, related to changes in imprisonment.Conclusions
The study concluded, that when significant, reforms increased more than decreased prison growth in comparison to indeterminate sentencing. Additionally, the analysis concludes that changes in release mechanisms and parole decision structures are driving increased growth more than changes in sentencing structures. 相似文献63.
Harmon M. Hosch Scott E. Culhane Kevin W. Jolly Rosa M. Chavez Leslie H. Shaw 《Law and human behavior》2011,35(2):127-142
Two studies tested the impact of an alibi witness’s relationship to a defendant on the perceived credibility of that witness.
In the first study, 291 mock jurors estimated the frequency with which individuals would invent alibis, the frequency they
themselves would do so, and the frequency of interpersonal contact among individuals of varying relationships. The degree
of relationship between an alibi witness and a defendant remained a predictor of witness credibility when contact frequency
was controlled. In the second study, 512 mock jurors were randomly assigned to case scenarios. Skepticism toward witnesses
who are biologically or affinally related to a defendant was greater than skepticism toward a socially linked witness. Both
studies supported predications from kinship theory and reciprocal altruism. 相似文献