Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology

The characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16–34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summation model was constructed by estimating the developmental threshold temperature D₀ and the thermal summation constant K. The thermal summation model indicated that, for complete development from egg hatching to eclosion, D₀ = 9.07 ± 0.54°C and K = 3991.07 ± 187.26 h °C. This reference can increase the accuracy of estimations of postmortem intervals in China by predicting the growth of C. megacephala.     

Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49–246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25–363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.     

浅议犯罪现场血迹形态的记录方法

暴力犯罪的案件现场通常会遗留有血迹。现场血迹的形状、物理性质、遗留位置、分布特点等都是血迹形态分析和犯罪现场重建所依据的重要信息。分析和重建工作并非都在现场完成,而是需要将现场搜集的资料带回实验室进行研究和分析。因此,对勘查人员来说,掌握如何利用现场勘查笔录、现场制图、现场照相、现场录像等方法来客观、完整、准确地记录犯罪现场的血迹形态便具有重要的意义。     

群体性事件的偶发与非偶发

群体性事件的出现是我国现阶段各种矛盾、各种因素的集中体现,是一个不可避免的历史过程。从社会、政治、经济角度探寻群体性事件发生的非偶发性,以及诱发群体性事件的偶发性因素,并提出相应的对策,能够有效预防和减少群体性事件的发生。     

公安微博中民意收集的内在逻辑与功能分析

微博的普及使用为公安机关开辟网络前沿阵地带来契机,以公安微博为切入点,公安机关主动关注网络民意导向,积极收集网络社情民意。公安微博的用户数量及分布保证了网络民意的普遍性和代表性,即时传播方式保证了网络民意的实时性和迫切性,双向互动沟通方式保证了网络民意的完整性和真实性。公安微博是民意主导警务的实践创新,在深化警务公开、完善公共服务、汇集社情民意、宣传及塑造警察形象、引导网络舆论方面发挥着重要作用。     

新居民子女学校适应性研究——以温州市龙湾区为例

文章重点研究温州市龙湾城区学校适应性对龙湾区新居民子女的影响。根据现状,分析成因,探索规律,提出改善新居民子女学校适应性的可行性建议。培养他们适应城区学校的学习和生活,促进他们身心健康的成长,成为适应性良好的有一定技能的和有幸福感的社会公民,为体现社会公平公义和解决民生问题提供了现实范本。     

二代测序技术在法医遗传学中的应用研究进展(2011～2016)

对生物检材进行DNA分型是解决法医遗传学实践中个体识别和亲权鉴定问题的重要步骤,法医学实践中复杂生物检材和复杂亲缘关系鉴定等一直是现有的检测分析技术的难点和挑战。随着DNA技术的发展,新的检测分析技术不断引入到法医遗传学领域,以期提高检测效能。二代测序技术具有测序通量高、成本低等特点,能够获得样本DNA详细序列和相对含量等信息,有助于生物检材的检测和案件的分析。二代测序技术在法医遗传学领域的应用受到广泛关注,相关的应用研究逐渐增多。本文就目前法医遗传学领域借助二代测序技术对遗传标记分析的研究进展进行总结,希望能为相关研究和应用提供参考。     

犯罪与刑事违法性关系论纲

犯罪可以从形式的犯罪、实质的犯罪、司法评价的犯罪三个侧面来加以阐释。形式的犯罪就是罪刑规范;实质的犯罪是全部具体罪刑规范的共同法律本质。两者都是立法者的意志体现。它们本身都没有刑事违法性,只是刑事违法性的判断标准。只有司法评价的犯罪,才存在刑事违法性判断。我国本无刑事违法性的理论,应当创建。只有创建了科学的可操作性的刑事违法性理论,才能既坚持罪刑法定原则,又贯彻"无危害即无犯罪"原则。刑事违法性是司法者评价生活行为事实在客观上是否违反法秩序的步骤和标准。它是犯罪成立条件之一。我国应当对《刑法》第13条赋予新的理论内涵以完成刑事违法性理论的创建。     

从明文到明确:语词变迁的法治意义Beling构成要件理论的考察

@@ 欧洲大陆是近现代大陆法系的发源地和兴盛地,其深邃的法律思想、高超的立法水平和精湛的立法技术均堪称世界法律发展史、特别是刑法发展史的楷模.而在大陆法系国家刑事立法和刑法理论的发展过程中,德国刑法无疑又走在了前列.因此,探究大陆法系刑法具体问题的演进过程,从对德国刑法的研究中便可见一斑.这也恰恰印证了德国学者盖尔华德·罗伯斯的经典名言-德国刑法的历史就是欧洲刑法的历史-的正确性.     

利益和谐视角下完善我国农村纠纷化解机制研究

在建设“和谐社会”的方针政策下,完善我国农村纠纷化解机制对推动和谐社会、实现依法治国有巨大意义。其中利益和谐是和谐社会的基本标志,也是农村纠纷化解机制的制度目标。但是现实中农民由于在社会利益博弈中的弱势地位而导致农村社会矛盾冲突加剧,造成我国农村纠纷化解机制运行困难。建立我国农村纠纷化解三维立体模式,强化我国的农村纠纷化解的制度体系、加强各个主体间互动,为推进新农村建设、实现和谐社会提出建议。