Errors in the estimation of the distance of fall and angles of impact blood drops.

This paper presents derived equations for the estimation of the variances in the estimated distance of fall and the estimated angle of impact for blood droplets. The derived equation for the variance of the estimated distance of fall predicts that as the blood drop size approaches that of a blood droplet falling at terminal velocity, the variance of the estimate grows without limit. The derived equation for the variance in the estimated angle of impact shows that as the angle of impact approaches 90 degrees, the variance grows without limit. The validity of the equation for the estimated variance of the angle of impact was tested for five angles of impact (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 degrees); the equation correctly predicted the observed variance up to an angle of 60 degrees.     

New jobs in urban areas—an evaluation of advance factory building

TEACHING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Richard A. Chapman, Joint University Council for Social and Public Administration: RIPA, 1973, pp. 95, £1.00.

THE EVOLUTION OF BRITISH TOWN PLANNING, Gordon G. Cherry, Leonard Hill, 1974, pp. 275, £6.00.

CITY POLITICS AND THE PRESS—JOURNALISTS AND THE GOVERNING OF MERSEYSIDE, Harvey Cox and David Morgan, Combridge University Press, 1973. (reprinted with corrections 1974), pp. 159, £2.80.

DEMOCRATIC THEORY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, Dilys M. Hill, Allen &; Unwin, 1974, pp. 243, £5.00 (£2.75 paperback).

GUERRILLAS IN THE BUREAUCRACY: THE COMMUNITY PLANNING EXPERIMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, Martin L. Needleman and Carolyn Emerson Needleman, John Wiley, 1974, pp. 386, £6.90.

THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN CHANGE IN BRITAIN AND GERMANY, Richard Rose (ed.), Sage Publications, 1974, pp. 267, £5.00.

BIRMINGHAM 1939–1970, Anthony Sutcliffe and Roger Smith, Oxford University Press, 1974, pp. 514, £12.00.

MAKING INSTITUTIONS WORK, Geoffrey Vickers, Associated Business Programmes, 1973, pp. 187, £4.00.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRENDS 1973, CIPFA, 1974, pp. 301, £2.50.     

A Subnational Study of Insurgency: FARC Violence in the 1990s

This article examines the traditional political and economic factors that have been purported to explain the prevalence of insurgency. It tests the following hypotheses at the subnational level in Colombia: guerrilla violence is positively associated with exports; higher levels of insurgency are associated with low levels of GDP per capita or negative growth rates; guerrilla violence emerges in the context of weak state presence; and higher levels of state repression are associated with higher levels of insurgent violence. The analysis utilizes a zero-inflated negative binomial to capture dynamics of both intensity and onset of violence. The econometric analysis is supplemented with cartographic visualization and qualitative analysis.     

Family history in canada

Life-cycle service was an essential institution in early-modern England that slowly died during the transition from a pre-industrial to a fully industrial economy. A socially pervasive and culturally broad movement of young people from their parental homes to live and serve in the homes of others, life-cycle service was integral to the demographic, economic, and social framework of the era and could not survive when that framework changed. This article examines the institution of life-cycle service, some of the underlying demographic, economic, and social structure that supported it, the changes in that structure that led to its demise, and the ramifications for young people of that demise. Although inevitable, the loss of life-cycle service with its broad social base denigrated service as an institution and was not without other costs especially for young women.     

Investigating soviet espionage and subversion: the case of Donald Maclean

This essay sets out the dimensions of investigating Soviet espionage and subversion, highlighting how Maclean's image as a Soviet agent has developed over the past 50 years. It will then consider to what extent new documents at the Public Record Office alter his image. Maclean's crime was treachery but what exactly is the intellectual challenge in investigating espionage? Just what can be achieved? Sir Dick White former head of MI6 offered this advice: Espionage is a crime that often leaves no trace of evidence. The investigator relies upon intuition for coincidences. After considering the circumstances, he might reach the moment of epiphany when all the facts added up to one conclusion¹     

KGB sources on the Cambridge network of Soviet agents: True or false?

John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions (New York/London: Gown/Century 1993) Pp.538, biblio, index. £18.99. ISBN 0–7126–5500‐X.

Yuri Modin, With Jean‐Charles Deniau and Aguieszka Ziarek My Five Cambridge Friends (London: Headline 1994) Pp.282, index. £16.99. ISBN 0–7472–1280–5.

Genrikh Borovik, The Philby Files (London: Little Brown and Company, 1994) Pp.382, index. £18.99. ISBN 0–316–91015–5.

Pavel Sudoplatov, and Anatoli Sudoplatov with Jerrold L. and Leona P. Schecter, Special Tasks The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness ‐A Soviet Spymaster (London: Little Brown and Company 1994) Pp.509, index. £18.99 ISBN 0–316–91217–4.     

British Pharmaceuticals: a cautionary tale

British pharmaccuticals is generally represented as a successful sector which illustrates the potential of knowledge-intensive, high-valve-added activities. This article presents a revisionist account based on evidence and argument. Pharmaceuticals is a small sector which combines high-value-added and average wages to benefit capital not labour. The knowledge base in the laboratory creates imitative product with marketing then applied to capture social expenditure. When product-market growth slows, the sector restructures defensively without solving its problems.     

Stories about the world economy: The quest for the grail

Equality, the Third World and Economic Delusion. Peter Bauer, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1981. 304pp. £15.00

Crisis: in the Third World. André Gunder Frank, London: Heinemann. 1981.. 375pp. £5.50pb

Crisis: in the World Economy. André Gunder Frank, London: Heinemann. 1980. 366pp. £4.95pb

Dependency Theory: a critical reassessment. Edited by Dudley Seers, London: Frances Pinter. 1981. 211pp. £15.00

Critical Perspectives on Imperialism and Social Class in the Third World. James Petras, London: Monthly Review Press. 1978. 314pp. £3.25

Recession, The Western Economies and the Changing World Order. Lars Anell, London: Frances Pinter. 1981. 181pp. £12.50     

Assessing the instrumental and symbolic elements in attitudes toward the death penalty using a sample of Puerto Rican students

Theoretical explanations for the support or opposition to the death penalty have often been dichotomized into the instrumental and the symbolic perspectives. The instrumental perspective sees support for the death penalty as utilitarian, that it is a means to a desired end, which is often to lower crime rates. The symbolic perspective sees support for the death penalty as emanating from individuals’ political and social ideologies, no matter its utilitarian value. Both perspectives have often been examined individually, and seldom juxtaposed as competing explanations in a singular model. This paper examines both perspectives in a singular model, using a sample of Puerto Rican students.