道路交通事故制动拖印的认定和测量

道路交通事故制动拖印可以判断肇事车辆的逃逸方向,推算肇事车辆制动前的车速,判断肇事车辆的接触点,但正确无误地认定有一定的困难。道路交通事故现场勘查人员应根据制动拖印的明显的特征,较长的刮痕、积聚物等痕迹物证来正确认定和准确测量。     

3 fatalities after communal use of methamphetamine]

Two young men and a 17-year-old girl gathered in order to take methamphetamine, the quantity of which remained unknown. After a short time one of the men died on the scene; the other man, who was alcoholized in addition to having taken methamphetamine, fell over a railing from a height of several metres and suffered severe injuries before dying. The girl, who left for home by taxi, collapsed and died in a hospital about 2 hours later. Methamphetamine was detected in the blood of all three people. The autopsy results and the toxicological findings are reported and discussed with reference to the literature data.     

用电子计算机图象处理方法测定人体体表损伤面积

本研究从应用出发，以摄像头和扫描仪作为输入源，用计算机Ｃ语言开发了对不规则形状的人体体表损伤面积的大小和灰度进行测定的应用软件。该软件具有操作简单、速度快和正确性好等特点。本研究工作的成果已初步应用于我所法医临床伤害鉴定的实践。     

Distribution of A and B antigens in organs of blood group AB individuals: observations disclosed by a double immunoenzymatic labeling method

The localization of A and B antigens in the organs of blood group AB individuals has been studied using a double immunoenzymatic labeling method. Both A and B antigens were found in the various epithelial cells of these organs, but the epithelial cells could be classified into the following four types depending on the reaction pattern with anti-A and anti-B sera: type 1: cells that stained positive with both anti-A and anti-B sera; type 2: cells that stained positive with anti-A serum only; type 3: cells that stained positive with anti-B serum only; type 4: cells that were negative with both sera. The distribution of each of these epithelial cell types varied considerably, even in the same tissue and individual. Our results seem to suggest that a dissociation in the conversion to the A and B antigens occurs in the tissue of individuals belonging to blood group AB and that the degree of this dissociation varies from tissue to tissue and from cell to cell.     

Images in International Relations: An Experimental Test of Cognitive Schemata

We build on the tradition of studying images in international relations by developing a theory of perceived relationships and their associated images. The psychological theory is connected to a set of assumptions drawn from international relations theory that suggest perceived strategic relationships can be conceived of as a function of perceived relative power, perceived culture, and the perceived threat or perceived opportunity that a subject believes another actor represents. We hypothesize that perceived relationships evoke both cognitive and affective processes that lead to at least four ideal typical images. We further hypothesize that enemy, ally, colony, and degenerate images have identifiable and interrelated components. We test to see if the component parts of these images are related to each other, if the overall image affects the processing and interpretation of new information, and if strategic foreign policy choices follow from the cognitive and affective aspects of the image. The findings indicate that three of the four images are unified schemata, used even by inexperienced analysts. We find further that affect in combination with cognition does predict policy choice in the case of the enemy image. We suggest that image theory is a promising means by which foreign policy and international relations may be fruitfully studied.     

论过失危险行为应当犯罪化

传统的过失犯罪都是实害犯,而随着科技的迅猛发展和现代化器械的广泛应用,过失犯罪危险化已受到学者的关注,本文论证了过失危险行为犯罪化的理论基础不仅仅是主观过错,更在于其所具有的社会危害性;过失危险行为犯罪化的现实意义在于实现刑罚的目的。另外,过失危险行为犯罪化只应存在于危害公共安全的犯罪中,在设置刑罚时应遵循谦抑原则。     

对新时期看守所工作的几点理性思考

~~对新时期看守所工作的几点理性思考@沈鑫祥$浙江省公安厅!浙江杭州310009~~~~     

Complement component C3a or C3a desArg as a new marker for estimation of local vital reactions in incised skin wounds.

The anaphylatoxin C3a or its desArg form (C3a/desArg) generated during complement activation could be detected in the vicinity of incised skin wounds of guinea pigs using immunoblotting methods. The C3a/desArg peptides were detectable immediately after injury in local sites up to 3 mm from the wound edge. In subsequent determinations of up to at least 3-day-old antemortem wounds, the maximum concentration of these peptides was largely localized up to 6 mm from the wound edge at 2 h after injury. In postmortem wounds, however, these peptides were undetectable. When they were released in antemortem wounded tissues they could be detected up to 1 day at 22 degrees C after death. These results suggest that the detection of C3a/desArg in wounds using immunoblotting methods can be useful for distinguishing ante- from postmortem wounds.     

Sex identification of forensic specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): two alternative methods

Sex identification of forensic samples (bloodstains and decomposed tissue) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was investigated. Amplification of a segment of the amelogenin gene using a pair of primers revealed both Y- and X-specific bands at the same time. The gene has counterparts in both the X and Y chromosomes and a small deletion in the former made it possible to distinguish them. Analysis of the X-specific band is the most reliable method for sex identification. THe locus includes a single copy gene so a sample of 250 ng/tube of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is required for identification. Amplification of part of the DYZ1 locus was attempted as an alternative method for analysis of infinitesimal amounts of sample. Even DNA from putrefied tissue could be analyzed by PCR because the locus consists of thousands of copies of repeating units pHY10.     

Quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

A simple and sensitive method is described for quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine in blood, serum, urine and tissue homogenate. The chlorpromazine cation radical produced by adding perchloric acid and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone to the sample can be detected by the ESR method at room temperature. The sensitivity limit is 10 ng, that is, 20 microliters of the solution containing 0.5 microgram chlorpromazine/ml. The time needed for the measurement is within 10 min. The chlorpromazine radical thus produced is very stable; for example, 95% of the radical was observed after 24 h. The advantage of this method is discussed by comparing with the ordinary spectrophotometry which requires the purification of the sample.