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81.
82.
Lawrence W. Sherman Leslie Steele Deborah Laufersweiler Nancy Hoffer Sherry A. Julian 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1989,5(4):297-316
Bystanders killed by bullets not specifically intended for them have long been a very small part of the homicide problem. But the frequency of press accounts of such killings and woundings has apparently increased nationally in recent years. To test this impression, we compiled all shootings of bystanders hit at random and reported in the published indexes of theNew York Times, theLos Angeles Times, and theWashington Post for 1977–1988, as well as a key word computer search of stories in theBoston Globe. We found a rapid increase in both bystander woundings and killings since 1985 in all four cities. The base rate was quite low, and total bystander deaths appear to comprise less than 1% of all homicides in these cities. Nonetheless, the numbers were large enough to show that most bystanders reported shot in New York and Los Angeles are victims of random shootings into crowds, rather than single stray bullets striking a lone individual mushroom. The reverse was true in Boston and Washington, with the effect of much lower rates of bystanders reported shot in those cities. 相似文献
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84.
Geoffrey C. Barnes Lindsay Ahlman Charlotte Gill Lawrence W. Sherman Ellen Kurtz Robert Malvestuto 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2010,6(2):159-189
The Philadelphia Low-Intensity Community Supervision Experiment provides evidence on the effects of lowering the intensity
of community supervision with low-risk offenders in an urban, US county community corrections agency. Using a random forests
forecasting model for serious crime based on Berk et al. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 172(Part 1), 191–211, 2009, 1,559 low-risk offenders were identified and randomly assigned to either standard or reduced frequency of mandatory office
visits. Treatment as assigned was substantially delivered at 4.5 probation visits per year versus 2.4, for as long as offenders
remained on active probation or parole. In a one-year follow-up for all cases, outcomes examined were the prevalence, frequency,
seriousness and time-to-failure of arrests for new crimes committed after random assignment was implemented. No significant
differences (p = .05) in outcomes were found between standard and low-intensity groups. Non-significant differences for offense seriousness
favored the low-intensity group. We conclude that lower-intensity supervision at the tested level of dosage can allow fewer
officers to supervise low-risk offenders in the community without evidence of increased volume or seriousness of crime. 相似文献
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This case study is based upon extensive interviews with a Fortune 500 company's new-products manager for Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. It focuses upon the American manager's attempt to establish an agreement to transfer a revolutionary technology out of the Soviet Union. This effort takes place as the Soviet Union is dissolving, adding complexity and uncertainty to an already extraordinarily challenging task. While ultimately unsuccessful, the case provides insight into the importance of risk-taking and the learning that results from failed experiments.He has received numerous teaching awards and has published articles in several academic and professional journals. 相似文献
87.
Dr. Shayna Gothard Donald J. Viglione Jr. J. Reid Meloy Mark Sherman 《Law and human behavior》1995,19(5):493-505
A simulation design with multiple contrast groups was used to test the effectiveness of two instruments, the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and the Georgia Court Competency Test—Mississippi State Hospital (GCCT-MSH) in detecting malingering of competency to stand trial. Thirty simulators were compared with 23 incompetent defendants, 25 competent defendants, 30 offender controls, and 7 suspected malingerers on both instruments. Results revealed that the simulators and suspected malingerers scored significantly higher on all of the SIRS primary scales and significantly lower on the GCCT-MSH than the three comparison groups. The SIRS had an overall hit rate of 97.8% using three or more primary scales as the criterion for malingering. Information concerning the simulator's strategies of deception is presented. 相似文献