全文获取类型
收费全文 | 636篇 |
免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 53篇 |
工人农民 | 74篇 |
世界政治 | 55篇 |
外交国际关系 | 39篇 |
法律 | 328篇 |
中国共产党 | 1篇 |
中国政治 | 10篇 |
政治理论 | 107篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 30篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有674条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Nancy L. Hogan Bitna Kim Michael Mendenhall Kelly Cheeseman Marie Griffin 《Criminal Justice Studies》2017,30(4):421-432
The career stage theory postulates that employees go through different career stages, and each career stage has different effects on various outcomes, such as job satisfaction. There has been empirical support for the career stage theory from other disciplines, but there has been limited research relating to this theory to corrections. To expand the literature, the current study examined whether different career stages were significant predictors of job satisfactions, while including the personal characteristics and the workplace place variables among Texas correctional officers. The results supported the career state theory: job satisfaction was highest during the entry stage (0–2 years), but was lowest during the second career stage (2–5 years). In career stages three (5–15 years) and four (16+ years), job satisfaction rose. Possible interventions that correctional administrators can undertake to encourage job satisfaction from their staff during the second career stage are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Early puberty is associated with stressful family environments, early sexual intercourse, and teenage pregnancy. We examined
pubertal timing and sexual debut among the 14-year-old offspring of teenage mothers. Mothers (71% Black, 29% White) were recruited
as pregnant teenagers (12–18 years old). Data were collected during pregnancy and when offspring were 6, 10 and 14 years old
(n = 318). Adolescents (50% male) compared the timing of their pubertal maturation to same-sex peers. There was a significant
3-way interaction effect of race, sex, and pubertal timing on sexual debut (n = 305). This effect remained significant in a model controlling for maternal age at first intercourse, substance use, exposure
to trauma, authoritative parenting, and peer sexual activity (n = 255). Early maturation was associated with early sex in daughters, and may be one pathway for the inter-generational transfer
of risk for teenage pregnancy among daughters of teenage mothers. 相似文献
103.
The harm caused by many acts is not certain but probabilistic. Current public enforcement of the law combines harm-based sanctions
(usually in criminal law) with act-based sanctions (very common in administrative law and regulation). We propose an economic
theory of the choice between harm-based and act-based sanctions in public enforcement. The efficiency of act-based versus
harm-based sanctions is analyzed and a typology of the determinants is drawn up. Our model suggests that harm-based sanctions
are more efficient when (1) acquiring information about the act is important, (2) engaging in harm avoidance activities is
advisable, (3) judgment-proofness is not a very significant problem, (4) punishment is especially costly, (5) changes in law
are expensive or difficult to negotiate and (6) on average, potential criminals are better informed than the government about
losses for society. Legal policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
104.
The nanotechnology and biotechnology “revolutions” are so-called because their enabling technological breakthroughs were not
simply inventions, but discoveries of entirely new methods of inventing. We hypothesize that university participants in either
or both of these areas will exhibit greater collaboration with industry than researchers in other areas. We explore this hypothesis
for 454 faculty members who conducted research that was patented during the period 1994–1999. Because our data include patents,
publications, and funding at the individual level, we are able to examine the industry interaction of faculty who participated
in the nanotechnology and biotechnology revolutions, as well as the interaction of faculty contributing to other areas of
patentable science. We examine a variety of linkages, including sponsored research, consulting, publication with firm employees
and measures of the potential for cross-campus collaboration. The results are striking in that they show significant differences
in collaborative behavior across patent types and across the major program areas biological sciences, physical sciences and
engineering. The results are consistent with a greater degree of tacit knowledge within the new methods of inventing. We also
find significant differences in the embryonic nature and importance of patents across areas. 相似文献
105.
Introduction of the construct “Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder” (DSPD) by the UK Home Office and Department of Health has provoked strong debate and opposition. Its aims and that of proposed subsequent legislation was to enhance public protection by identifying and detaining a minority of persons with severe personality disorder who pose a high risk of serious sexual/violent offending. The most serious criticism was the ethical implication of allowing indefinite detention of people without criminal convictions. More recently, policy emphasis has shifted towards treatment. 1396 male prisoners serving sentences of 2+ years for sexual/violent offenses were prospectively interviewed (personality disorders, psychopathy, and risk) at a mean follow-up of 2 years. The prevalence of DSPD was 15%. Significantly more re-offended. Five DSPD offenders would need treatment to prevent one violent act. Based on an estimate of attributable risk, successful treatment of DSPD could reduce violent re-convictions among DSPD offenders by 71% and violent/sexual re-offenses in the prison population by 27%. DSPD criteria correctly identify high risk prisoners but primarily through risk-related demographic features. DSPD does not accurately identify serious sexual/violent re-offenders. The DSPD programme may reduce major violent re-offending if treatment interventions prove effective. 相似文献
106.
Globalization has led to new health challenges for the twenty-first century. These new health challenges have transnational implications and involve a large range of actors and stakeholders. National governments no longer hold the sole responsibility for the health of their people. These changes in health trends have led to the rise of global health governance as a theoretical notion for health policy making. The Southeast Asian region is particularly prone to public health threats such as emerging infectious diseases and faces future health challenges including those of noncommunicable diseases. This study looks at the potential of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a regional organization to lead a regional dynamic for health cooperation in order to overcome these challenges. Through a comparative study with the regional mechanisms of the European Union (EU) for health cooperation, we look at how ASEAN could maximize its potential as a global health actor. Our study is based on primary research and semistructured field interviews. To illustrate our arguments, we refer to the extent of regional cooperation for health in ASEAN and the EU for (re)emerging infectious disease control and for tobacco control. We argue that regional institutions and a network of civil society organizations are crucial in relaying global initiatives, and ensuring the effective implementation of global guidelines at the national level. ASEAN’s role as a regional body for health governance will depend both on greater horizontal and vertical integration through enhanced regional mechanisms and a wider matrix of cooperation. 相似文献
107.
Bart Custers Francien Dechesne Alan M. Sears Tommaso Tani Simone van der Hof 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(2):234-243
Although the protection of personal data is harmonized within the EU by Directive 95/46/EC and will be further harmonized by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018, there are significant differences in the ways in which EU member states implemented the protection of privacy and personal data in national laws, policies, and practices. This paper presents the main findings of a research project that compares the protection of privacy and personal data in eight EU member states: France, Germany, the UK, Ireland, Romania, Italy, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The comparison focuses on five major themes: awareness and trust, government policies for personal data protection, the applicable laws and regulations, implementation of those laws and regulations, and supervision and enforcement.The comparison of privacy and data protection regimes across the EU shows some remarkable findings, revealing which countries are frontrunners and which countries are lagging behind on specific aspects. For instance, the roles of and interplay between governments, civil rights organizations, and data protections authorities vary from country to country. Furthermore, with regard to privacy and data protection there are differences in the intensity and scope of political debates, information campaigns, media attention, and public debate. New concepts like privacy impact assessments, privacy by design, data breach notifications and big data are on the agenda in some but not in all countries. Significant differences exist in (the levels of) enforcement by the different data protection authorities, due to different legal competencies, available budgets and personnel, policies, and cultural factors. 相似文献
108.
Marie Lavigne 《后苏联事务》2013,29(3):269-276
This article looks at collective memory formation—the study of monuments, memory, and public space—through a political science lens. An explicit theoretical focus on power relations in "monumental politics" and a methodological approach featuring large-N comparative analysis are combined to examine the process of monument creation, destruction, and alteration. Using a new database on monuments in 26 post-communist states over a 25-year period, patterns of monument transformation are identified, and official and private efforts to transform monuments are systematically compared across different regime types. The complex implications of private provision and alteration of monuments is also discussed. 相似文献
109.
Abstract The use of swearwords has hardly been investigated scientifically. Virtually nothing is known about the efficacy of swearing. The present studies set out to investigate whether the inclusion of swearwords in a testimony increases the believability of that statement. In study 1, respondents were simply asked whether they believed that using swearwords is a sign of credibility, a sign of deceit, or neither. In the second and third study, participants had to read fictitious testimonies of a suspect and a victim, respectively. Participants were exposed to testimonies with or without swearwords. The results suggested that people self-reported to find swearwords a sign of deceit (study 1), but when actually confronted with a statement, the opposite turned out to be the case (studies 2 and 3). That is, testimonies containing swearwords were perceived as more credible than swearword-free testimonies. Hence it is concluded that swearing increases believability of statements. 相似文献
110.
Simone Kreher 《The History of the Family》2013,18(2):183-205
In the German-speaking scientific community, empirically oriented family sociologists are often interested exclusively in current family situations. Only rarely is there in-depth consideration of the continued influence of familial and socio-historical contexts on individual life histories. While giving due regard to the effect of cataclysmic events and disruptions along with long-term and gradually changing patterns, this article seeks to develop a historical context that permits distinct levels of time to be identified, supporting further empirical work in family research. The closely interwoven fabric of individual and family histories is examined through the analysis of family histories and dynamics from the perspective of biographical narrators over a time span that transcends a single lifetime. The life stories of three East German women—grandmother (age 77), mother (age 49), and daughter (age 28)—give profound insights into the realities of socialism, women's professional careers, the contradictions of daily life, the upheavals attendant on the collapse of communism, and the challenges involved in the transition from socialism to capitalism. 相似文献