The Taliban and Islam

This paper examines the aims, motives and methods of the Taliban, the present rulers of most of Afghanistan. In accordance with their fundamentalist views the Taliban have established an Islamic system which focuses on the implementation of Shariah. This paper argues that the Taliban apply directly the divine injunctions which they have drastically sharpened ‐ that means without being sanctioned by act of law of men. The government which the Taliban have set up has so far reached only a low level of institutionalization; the real power emanates from their leader, Mullah Omar.     

忧患意识与"日不落帝国"的兴衰

英国原本是一个地处欧洲偏远区域的岛国,在欧洲的政治、经济和文化生活中都不曾扮演过什么至关重要的角色。但经过十几个世纪的发展,它最终成为世界上第一个工业化国家,并在19世纪扩张成为日不落帝国。应该说,这样的国家在人类历史上并不多见,所以,探索英国崛起的原因始终是学界的一个     

Sacred Matter: Reflections on the Relationship of Karmic and Natural Causality in Jaina Philosophy

The article examines a fundamental problem in classical Jaina philosophy, namely, the ontological status of dead matter in the hylozoistic and at the same time dualistic Jaina worldview. This question is of particular interest in view of the widespread contemporary Jaina practice of venerating bone relics and stūpas of prominent saints. The main argument proposed in this article is, that, from a classical doctrinal point of view, bone relics of renowned ascetics are valuable for Jainas, if at all, because of their unique physical attributes, rather than the presumed presence of the deceased in the remains as posited in much of the extant literature on relic worship across cultures. The specific focus of the article are Jaina and non-Jaina explanations of the qualities of special matter in terms of karmic and natural processes of transformation.     

Eine artenschutzrechtliche Ausnahmegenehmigung kann von Naturschutzverbänden nicht angefochten werden. Dies gilt auch, wenn zusätzlich eine naturschutzrechtliche Befreiung erforderlich sein sollte. Naturschutzrechtliche Ausnahmen und Befreiungen stehen selbstständig nebeneinander

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