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Offenders with mental illness have attracted substantial attention over the recent years, given their prevalence and poor
outcomes. A number of interventions have been developed for this population (e.g., mental health courts). They share an emphasis
on one dimension as the source of the problem: mental illness. Their focus on psychiatric services may poorly match the policy
goal of reducing recidivism. In this article, we use research to evaluate (a) the effectiveness of current interventions,
and (b) the larger viability of psychiatric, criminological, and social psychological models of the link between mental illness
and criminal justice involvement. We integrate theory and research to offer a multidimensional conceptual framework that may
guide further research and the development of efficient interventions that meaningfully reduce recidivism. We hypothesize
that the effect of mental illness on
criminal behavior reflects moderated mediation (i.e., the effect is direct in the case of one subgroup, but fully mediated in another); and
that the effect of mental illness on other “recidivism” is partially mediated by system bias and stigma. We use this framework to propose three priorities for advancing research, articulating policy, and improving practice. 相似文献
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Psychopathic individuals may be disaggregated into low-anxious (emotionally stable “primary psychopaths”) and high-anxious
(emotionally disturbed “secondary psychopaths”) variants that may differ in their capacity for adaptive behavior. In turn,
the skills encompassed by emotional intelligence (EI) predict social and business success. Based on a sample of 188 male undergraduates,
we evaluate the performance of low-anxious psychopathic, high-anxious psychopathic, and low psychopathic comparison groups
on a measure of EI. High-anxious psychopaths manifested significantly lower EI than the other two groups, particularly with
respect to managing emotions and facilitating thoughts. In contrast, low-anxious psychopaths manifested intact EI, with skill
in facilitating thoughts. High-anxious (but not low anxious) psychopaths were more likely than low psychopathic comparisons
to manifest violence. These results are consistent with the notion that primary psychopaths have greater capacity to attain
success in traditional society than secondary psychopaths, and invite a direct test of this hypothesis in future research. 相似文献
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Jennifer Skeem 《Justice Quarterly》2013,30(2):297-303
The target article is a critique of the movement toward using structured risk assessment tools to inform decisions about sentencing. In this commentary, I analyze (a) the conditions under which it may be more or less fair to use well-validated risk assessment tools in this manner and (b) the extent to which doing so is likely to exacerbate, ameliorate, or have no effect on existing racial and other biases in sentencing. I recommend a policy-relevant research agenda that would specifically test whether and how adding well-validated risk assessment tools to the routine sentencing process alter the severity or nature of sentences. This agenda would also evaluate the extent to which these tools are implemented in “real world” settings faithfully enough to bridge the usual divide between science and practice. 相似文献
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As the correctional population continues to increase, probation agencies struggle to adequately supervise offenders with unique needs, including those with mental disorder. Although more than 100 U.S. probation agencies have implemented specialty mental health case-loads, little is known about their practices. Based on detailed observations of 83 audio-taped meetings, we examined interactions between probationers and officers in a prototypic specialty agency, focusing on the extent to which practices comport with evidence-based risk reduction principles. We found that specialty officers (a) more frequently discussed probationers' general mental health than any individual criminogenic need, (b) chiefly questioned, directed, affirmed, and supported (rather than confronted) probationers, and (c) relied more heavily on neutral strategies and positive pressures (e.g., inducements) rather than negative pressures (e.g., threats of incarceration) to monitor and enforce compliance. Implications for "what works" to promote community integration for probationers with mental disorder are discussed. 相似文献
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Assessing an inmate’s risk for recidivism may become more challenging as the length of incarceration increases. Although the
population of Long-Term Inmates (LTIs) is burgeoning, no risk assessment tools have been specifically validated for this group.
Based on a sample of 1,144 inmates released in a state without parole, we examine the utility of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
(LSI-R) in assessing risk of general and violent felony recidivism for LTIs (n = 555). Results indicate that (a) the LSI-R moderately predicts general, but not necessarily violent, recidivism, and (b)
this predictive utility is not moderated by LTI status, and is based in part on ostensibly dynamic risk factors. Implications for informing parole decision-making
and risk management for LTIs are discussed.
相似文献
Jennifer Lynne SkeemEmail: |
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The misguided debate over NGO participation at the WTO 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Douglas KS Lilienfeld SO Skeem JL Poythress NG Edens JF Patrick CJ 《Law and human behavior》2008,32(6):511-525
Offenders with antisocial traits are relatively likely to attempt suicide, largely because they are more likely to have high
negative emotionality and low constraint. Among 682 male offenders, we tested whether negative emotionality, low constraint,
and also substance use problems mediated any relationship between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy on
the one hand, and suicide-related behavior (SRB) and ideation on the other. ASPD and the impulsivity/lifestyle features of
psychopathy weakly predicted SRB. High negative emotionality and low constraint (but not substance use) mediated the relation
between ASPD and SRB. Impulsivity/lifestyle features of psychopathy retained an independent predictive effect. Self-report
psychopathy measures added unique predictive variance to the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. We discuss implications for suicide
risk assessment and prevention.
相似文献
Kevin S. DouglasEmail: |
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Although considerable research on psychopathy has been conducted over the past 30 years, relatively few studies have examined key issues related to potential ethnic differences in this constellation of socially maladaptive personality traits. Given recent sociopolitical and scientific developments, an issue of considerable debate is whether Black individuals possess "more" traits of psychopathy than do Whites. To address this issue, a meta-analysis of differences between these groups' scores on the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) was performed, using 21 studies (N = 8,890) of correctional, substance abuse, and psychiatric samples. Blacks exceeded Whites by an average of less than 1 point on the PCL-R total score. Effect sizes for core interpersonal and affective traits of psychopathy (Factor 1) were sufficiently homogeneous to clearly interpret, although other features manifested statistically significant heterogeneity. Our finding that Blacks and Whites do not meaningfully differ in their levels of core psychopathic traits is consistent with community-based findings for self-report measures of psychopathy and clinical diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder. 相似文献