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181.
Claire Powell Lisa Marzano Karen Ciclitira 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2017,28(2):274-289
AbstractMothers in prison separated from their young children are an overlooked group. Attachment theory could provide a useful model to underpin interventions and better support women affected by separation from their infants. Current policy draws on a limited body of evidence and research has developed considerably since its first design. This review systematically searched all relevant UK prison policy and government documents with regards to mother and child separation in prison and analysed the extent to which these documents draw on attachment theory. Following initial searches, 58 documents were thematically analysed. Attachment was implicitly referred to in most documents but only explicitly mentioned in four. Global themes identified included ‘separation as trauma’. However, document groups varied in focusing either on the mother or the child and there were no joint perspectives. Developing and researching specific attachment-informed interventions might be one way forward as would further attachment-based research in this area. 相似文献
182.
Nancy L. Hogan Bitna Kim Michael Mendenhall Kelly Cheeseman Marie Griffin 《Criminal Justice Studies》2017,30(4):421-432
The career stage theory postulates that employees go through different career stages, and each career stage has different effects on various outcomes, such as job satisfaction. There has been empirical support for the career stage theory from other disciplines, but there has been limited research relating to this theory to corrections. To expand the literature, the current study examined whether different career stages were significant predictors of job satisfactions, while including the personal characteristics and the workplace place variables among Texas correctional officers. The results supported the career state theory: job satisfaction was highest during the entry stage (0–2 years), but was lowest during the second career stage (2–5 years). In career stages three (5–15 years) and four (16+ years), job satisfaction rose. Possible interventions that correctional administrators can undertake to encourage job satisfaction from their staff during the second career stage are discussed. 相似文献
183.
Early puberty is associated with stressful family environments, early sexual intercourse, and teenage pregnancy. We examined
pubertal timing and sexual debut among the 14-year-old offspring of teenage mothers. Mothers (71% Black, 29% White) were recruited
as pregnant teenagers (12–18 years old). Data were collected during pregnancy and when offspring were 6, 10 and 14 years old
(n = 318). Adolescents (50% male) compared the timing of their pubertal maturation to same-sex peers. There was a significant
3-way interaction effect of race, sex, and pubertal timing on sexual debut (n = 305). This effect remained significant in a model controlling for maternal age at first intercourse, substance use, exposure
to trauma, authoritative parenting, and peer sexual activity (n = 255). Early maturation was associated with early sex in daughters, and may be one pathway for the inter-generational transfer
of risk for teenage pregnancy among daughters of teenage mothers. 相似文献
184.
Matejkowski J Festinger DS Benishek LA Dugosh KL 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(4):269-274
Neither punitive nor therapeutic approaches alone are effective at addressing the dual public health and public safety concerns associated with managing criminal behavior perpetrated by people who have psychiatric and substance use disorders. The optimal solution may instead require the integration of both criminal justice supervision and treatment. Using problem-solving courts (PSCs) as a model, we focus on one dimension of this integrated approach, distinguishing between behavior that stems from willful noncompliance with supervision and behavior that results from nonresponsivity to treatment. First, we discuss the public health and public safety consequences of using singular approaches to address the criminal behavior of this population. We then present lessons learned from PSCs that distinguish between noncompliant and nonresponsive behaviors in making treatment and supervision decisions. Finally, we consider how the concepts of nonresponsivity and noncompliance may be extended, via policy, to probation and parole settings as well as mental health and substance abuse treatment services outside the criminal justice setting in order to enhance public health and safety. 相似文献
185.
186.
The harm caused by many acts is not certain but probabilistic. Current public enforcement of the law combines harm-based sanctions
(usually in criminal law) with act-based sanctions (very common in administrative law and regulation). We propose an economic
theory of the choice between harm-based and act-based sanctions in public enforcement. The efficiency of act-based versus
harm-based sanctions is analyzed and a typology of the determinants is drawn up. Our model suggests that harm-based sanctions
are more efficient when (1) acquiring information about the act is important, (2) engaging in harm avoidance activities is
advisable, (3) judgment-proofness is not a very significant problem, (4) punishment is especially costly, (5) changes in law
are expensive or difficult to negotiate and (6) on average, potential criminals are better informed than the government about
losses for society. Legal policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
187.
The nanotechnology and biotechnology “revolutions” are so-called because their enabling technological breakthroughs were not
simply inventions, but discoveries of entirely new methods of inventing. We hypothesize that university participants in either
or both of these areas will exhibit greater collaboration with industry than researchers in other areas. We explore this hypothesis
for 454 faculty members who conducted research that was patented during the period 1994–1999. Because our data include patents,
publications, and funding at the individual level, we are able to examine the industry interaction of faculty who participated
in the nanotechnology and biotechnology revolutions, as well as the interaction of faculty contributing to other areas of
patentable science. We examine a variety of linkages, including sponsored research, consulting, publication with firm employees
and measures of the potential for cross-campus collaboration. The results are striking in that they show significant differences
in collaborative behavior across patent types and across the major program areas biological sciences, physical sciences and
engineering. The results are consistent with a greater degree of tacit knowledge within the new methods of inventing. We also
find significant differences in the embryonic nature and importance of patents across areas. 相似文献
188.
Karen McAuliffe 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2011,24(1):97-115
The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) is shaped by the language in which it is drafted—i.e. French.
However, because French is rarely the mother tongue of those drafting that case law, the texts produced are often stilted
and awkward. In addition, those drafting such case law are constrained in their use of language and style of writing (owing
to pressures of technology and in order to reinforce the rule of law). These factors have led to the development of a ‘Court
French’ which necessarily shapes the case law produced and has implications for its development, particularly insofar as it
inevitably leads to a type of precedent in that case law. That case law also undergoes many permutations of translation into
and out of up to 23 different languages. The resultant texts that make up the case law are hybrid in nature—consisting of
a blend of cultural and linguistic patterns, constrained by a rigid formulistic drafting style and put through many permutations
of translation. The present paper investigates the production of the Court’s multilingual case law and considers whether the
hybrid nature of that case law can actually aid the presentation (and thus the development) of a ‘uniform’ EU case law. 相似文献
189.
Karen Katz 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2011,36(3):231-249
When there is a period devoid of sensationalistic biker news, the public’s concern about outlaw bikers can be quite low. All
it takes is one overt act of violence to heighten the public’s fear of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs are
the most current “dangerous class” which have been the subject of a moral panic in Canada. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs as organized
crime bodies are deemed to be the single most serious threat to the country—the enemy within. The gang war in British Columbia
is fuelled by drugs supplied by the Hells Angels and there is a wide spread fear that these evildoers are trying to harm and
tear apart the fabric of our society. This article provides a critical in-depth analysis of the construction of an Outlaw
Motorcycle Gang moral panic with the focus on Canada. The roles played by the media, politicians, and the public in using
isolated, violent incidents to support their interests will be examined along with the interactions between these groups and
the resultant punitive actions directed toward members of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. 相似文献
190.
Karen Oehme Darcy Clay Siebert Carl F. Siebert Nat Stern Colby Valentine Elizabeth Donnelly 《Family Court Review》2011,49(1):84-106
Florida's innovative Law Enforcement Families Partnership (LEFP) was created to reduce and prevent officer‐involved domestic violence in the state. Administered by the Institute for Family Violence Studies at Florida State University and supported by the criminal justice and victim's advocacy communities, the LEFP is the first statewide project of its kind. It includes several components, the cornerstone of which is an online curriculum that teaches officers about the dynamics and consequences of domestic violence perpetrated by officers. This article describes the project and early data from the surveys attached to the curriculum. 相似文献