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351.
Anthony L. Burrow Amanda C. O’Dell Patrick L. Hill 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(11):1265-1273
While having a purpose in life has been theorized as a developmental asset, the extent to which adolescents cultivate a meaningful
sense of direction is not well understood. In the present study, cluster analysis was used to classify adolescents by levels
of purpose exploration and commitment. The sample (N = 318; 55% female) consisted of youth aged 14–18 and was predominantly White/non-Hispanic (76.3%). Results supported four
meaningful yet distinguishable profiles of youth purpose that are largely consistent with theories on identity formation:
Achieved, Foreclosed, Uncommitted, and Diffused. Hypothesized linkages with affect and hope were established across the profiles
such that positive emotions and goal-directed thinking were most apparent among Achieved and Foreclosed youth and least apparent
among Diffused and Uncommitted youth. Overall, findings demonstrate the inherent complexity in adolescents’ engagement with
purpose and suggest a correspondence between stronger commitments to purpose and youths’ sense of personal agency and well-being. 相似文献
352.
Susanne E. Baumgartner Patti M. Valkenburg Jochen Peter 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(10):1226-1239
The main aim of this study was to investigate the causal nature of the relationship between adolescents’ risky sexual behavior
on the internet and their perceptions of this behavior. Engagement in the following online behaviors was assessed: searching
online for someone to talk about sex, searching online for someone to have sex, sending intimate photos or videos to someone
online, and sending one’s telephone number and address to someone exclusively known online. The relationship between these
behaviors and adolescents’ perceptions of peer involvement, personal invulnerability, and risks and benefits was investigated.
A two-wave longitudinal study among a representative sample of 1,445 Dutch adolescents aged 12–17 was conducted (49% females).
Autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that perceived peer involvement, perceived vulnerability,
and perceived risks were all significant predictors of risky sexual online behavior 6 months later. No reverse causal paths
were found. When the relationships between perceptions and risky sexual online behavior were modeled simultaneously, only
perceived peer involvement was a determinant of risky sexual online behavior. Findings highlight the importance of addressing
peer involvement in future interventions to reduce adolescents’ risky sexual online behavior. 相似文献
353.
Self-harm is widely recognized as a significant adolescent social problem, and recent research has begun to explore its etiology.
Drawing from Agnew’s (1992) social psychological strain theory of deviance, this study considers this issue by testing three hypotheses about the effects
of traditional and cyber bullying victimization on deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideation. The data come from a school-based
survey of adolescents in a rural county of a southeastern state (n = 426); 50% of subjects are female, their mean age was 15 years, and non-Hispanic whites represent 66% of the sample. The
analysis revealed that both types of bullying are positively related to self-harm and suicidal ideation, net of controls.
Moreover, those relationships are partially mediated by the negative emotions experienced by those who are bullied and partially
moderated by features of the adolescent’s social environment and self. Regarding the latter, exposure to authoritative parenting
and high self-control diminished the harmful effects of bullying victimization on self-harm and suicidal ideation. The article
concludes by discussing the implications of these conclusions for future research and for policy efforts designed to reduce
self-harm. 相似文献
354.
The present study examined the longitudinal links between perceptions of family connectedness and body satisfaction in 1,774
(52% female) adolescents. Participants (10–15 years of age at Time 1) completed self-report measures at three measurement
occasions separated by 1 year each. Mean group difference results showed that both body satisfaction levels and perceived
levels of family connectedness decreased over 2 years for the whole sample. As expected, girls were generally less satisfied
with their bodies than boys, particularly in the older cohort. Structural equation modelling was used to assess stability
coefficients and cross-lagged effects, and longitudinal bidirectional effects between perceptions of family connectedness
and body satisfaction were found for girls, but not for boys. This result suggests that adolescent girls’ body satisfaction
is both affected by and a predictor of perceived family connectedness. 相似文献
355.
Jennifer Brown Urban Selva Lewin-Bizan Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(7):783-800
Extracurricular activities provide a key context for youth development, and participation has been linked with positive developmental
outcomes. Using data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), this study explored how the intentional self
regulation ability of youth interacted with participation in extracurricular activities to affect PYD among adolescents living
in neighborhoods with relatively low ecological assets. In total, 545 youth were included in the study (50.3% female). Most
of the youth were European American (41%) or Latino (37%; African American, 10%; Asian American, 7%; Native American, 4%;
and other, 1%). In general, youth with the greatest capacity to self regulate benefitted the most, as compared to their peers
with less capacity to self regulate, from involvement in extracurricular activities. Consistent with a developmental systems
perspective, and specifically with bioecological theory, the findings from this study confirmed that, within lower asset settings,
children with the most positive person-level factors (intentional self regulation) benefit the most from proximal processes
such as extracurricular activity involvement. 相似文献
356.
Christopher C. Weiss Brian V. Carolan E. Christine Baker-Smith 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(2):163-176
In an effort to increase both adolescents’ engagement with school and academic achievement, school districts across the United
States have created small high schools. However, despite the widespread adoption of size reduction reforms, relatively little
is known about the relationship between size, engagement and outcomes in high school. In response, this article employs a
composite measure of engagement that combines organizational, sociological, and psychological theories. We use this composite
measure with the most recent nationally-representative dataset of tenth graders, Educational Longitudinal Study: 2002, (N = 10,946, 46% female) to better assess a generalizable relationship among school engagement, mathematics achievement and
school size with specific focus on cohort size. Findings confirm these measures to be highly related to student engagement.
Furthermore, results derived from multilevel regression analysis indicate that, as with school size, moderately sized cohorts
or grade-level groups provide the greatest engagement advantage for all students and that there are potentially harmful changes
when cohorts grow beyond 400 students. However, it is important to note that each group size affects different students differently,
eliminating the ability to prescribe an ideal cohort or school size. 相似文献
357.
James J. Mazza Charles B. Fleming Robert D. Abbott Kevin P. Haggerty Richard F. Catalano 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(6):579-593
Few studies have examined risk factors of childhood and early adolescent depressive symptomatology trajectories. This study
examined self-report depressive symptomatology across a 6-year time period from 2nd to 8th grade to identify latent groups
of individuals with similar patterns of depressive phenomena in a sample of 951 children (440 girls, 511 boys). Analyses,
using semiparametric group modeling (SGM), identified 5 trajectory groups for girls and boys: low depressed stables, low depressed
risers, mildly depressed stables, moderately depressed changers, and moderately depressed risers. Individual risk factors,
with the exception of shy/withdrawn behavior, were significantly different across trajectory group membership for boys and
girls, as was low-income status for boys. Boys in the low depressed and mildly depressed stable trajectory groups had significantly
higher levels of antisocial behavior, attention problems, and lower social competency compared to girls in similar groups.
These results suggest that universal prevention programs implemented in early elementary school that target selected risk
factors may be helpful in reducing future adolescent mental health problems, specifically depressive symptomatology. 相似文献
358.
Nicole Leeper Piquero Kristan Fox Alex R. Piquero George Capowich Paul Mazerolle 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(4):380-392
Much of the prior work on General Strain Theory (GST) has focused on how strain and negative emotions interrelate to produce
criminal—especially violent—activity. Very little research has extended GST to examine other types of non-criminal, negative
behavior, such as self-harming behaviors associated with disordered eating, a traditionally female-specific self-directed
outcome. Using a sample of 338 young adults (54% female, 95% white), this article applies GST to disordered eating by examining
how strain and negative emotions relate to this particular outcome across gender. Findings indicate that two types of strain
measures predict depressive symptoms among males and females, that inequitable strainful experiences relate to disordered
eating among females but not males, that depressive symptoms but not anger increase disordered eating for both males and females,
and that membership in Greek organizations (sororities or fraternities) is associated with disordered eating but only for
males. Implications for theory and directions for future research are highlighted. 相似文献
359.
360.