Heterosexual,Cisgender and Gender and Sexually Diverse Adolescents’ Sexting Behaviors: The Role of Body Appreciation

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Sexting has become part of the repertoire of adolescents’ sexual behaviors, especially among those who identify as gender and sexually diverse. Whereas body...     

Was Napoleon a Benevolent Dictator? An Economic Justification for Codification

Legal history has seen important codifications, among others the Code Napoleon of 1804. These are usually justified by the search for legal harmonisation and coordination. We refine the argument by claiming that a legal rule can be understood as a standard with network externalities. In that view, codification may be analysed as a means to internalise adoption externalities when the market is characterised by legal inertia or instability, in particular when agents adopt opportunistic and free riding behaviours. We also argue that codification should not be systematically opposed to market coordination but may on the contrary provide a useful complement to the market process so as to achieve an equilibrium in the legal market. We then provide a few illustrations and discuss the behaviour of the codification authorities.     

Marktkonstitution durch narrativen Wettbewerb

This paper aims to bridge recent developments in the sociological analysis of culture with that of economic phenomena. I suggest to understand narrative competition as constitutive for market processes and, dually, for the identity formation of market actors. Following a discussion on the sociology of markets, I will point out possible linkages to cultural analyses. I show that stories actors tell on the market provide a linkage for structural and cultural analyses. I examine the main idea of narrative competition using an empirical case study of the emergent market of capital city newspapers at the end of the 1990s in Berlin. The analysis shows that in ongoing disputes about the interpretation of social reality market participants position themselves in the market. The evaluative positioning takes place over time and relationally with other competitors, by which they collaboratively construct the market. The positioning occurs at a time of great uncertainty and demands flexibility. Results nevertheless point to typical patterns of niche formation of market participants.     

FRANDly fire: are industry standards doing more harm than good?

Legal context: The role of IP rights in standards; the meaning of the obligationimposed by many standards bodies on essential patent holdersto licence on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (‘FRAND’)terms; the example of IPR policy of the European TelecommunicationsStandards Institute; recent US developments. Key points: Industry standards are of key commercial and technical significance.Yet many standards are currently burdened by litigation betweenessential patent holders and licensees. Such standards bodieshave been slow to give guidance on the meaning of the obligationsimposed on essential patent holders. This article takes theexample of the obligation to licence essential patents on FRANDterms, analysing the obligation in the context of European competitionlaw. The article concludes with some suggestions for pointsfor companies to include in their internal policies on licensingstandards essential patents. Practical significance: The meaning of the obligation to licence on FRAND terms is veryimportant for licensors and licensees alike. This article putsthe obligation in context and discusses the various approacheswhich may be taken in practice.     

Symbolic racism in candidate evaluation: An experiment

The authors explored the symbolic racism construct to determine whether discrimination in the evaluation of political candidates can be attributed to a combination of traditional values and antiblack affect as suggested by Sears. Using an experimental design where candidate race was manipulated in three conditions, they found that differential racial attributions do operate in the evaluation of political candidates. Contrary to expectations, however, no antiblack affect was found to be at work in the evaluation of the black candidate. Findings are discussed in the framework of contemporary assumptions of research on racial reasoning.     

Children's perceptions of poverty,participation, and local governance in Uganda

Children under the age of 18 years represent 62 percent of the poor in Uganda. To date, their perspective has not been incorporated in the many poverty analyses that have been conducted. The survey reported in this paper asked children between the ages of 10 and 14 years about their perceptions of poverty, and also about the effectiveness of local government in addressing issues of concern to them. The survey found that children have a different perspective on poverty from that of the adult key informants consulted in our sample; they have a positive view of their own potential role in mitigating poverty, and are highly critical of the current performance of local government.     

A Selected Bibliography on Occupied Beijing, 1937-1945

Abstract

This article examines the anti-French campaign triggered by the Laoxikai incident — a dispute in 1916–17 over lands bordering the French concession in Tianjin. The incident was a focal point for competing narratives of the nation, each drawing on traditions and inspirations that implied divergent futures for China. Constitutional monarchism, true monarchism, republicanism, and Christianity all played into the power struggles of the 1910s. This article also addresses the role of violent coercion in the incident, in which nationalism began to legitimate “punishment” of Chinese who continued working with the French. The nationalists felt shame on behalf of their nation, and through public humiliation they forced Chinese who appeared indifferent to the nation to share in the national shame. This development accelerated a trend of nationalistic violence and the discourse of “national humiliation”.