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241.
Kris Mohandie Ph.D. J. Reid Meloy Ph.D. A.B.P.P. Peter I. Collins M.C.A. M.D. F.R.C.P. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):456-462
Abstract: The frequency and characteristics of suicide by cop cases (SBC) among a large (n = 707) nonrandom sample of North American officer-involved shootings (OIS) were investigated. “Suicide by cop” is when a subject engages in behavior which poses an apparent risk of serious injury or death, with the intent to precipitate the use of deadly force by law enforcement against the subject. Thirty-six percent of the OIS in this sample were found to be SBC with high interrater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93) for category classification. SBC cases were more likely to result in the death or injury of the subjects than regular OIS cases. Most SBC cases were spontaneous, but had clear verbal and behavioral indicators that occurred prior to, and during the event. Findings confirm the trend detected in earlier research that there was a growing incidence of SBC among OIS. SBC individuals had a high likelihood of possessing a weapon (80%), which was a firearm 60% of the time. Half of those with a firearm discharged it at the police during the encounter. Nineteen percent simulated weapon possession to accomplish their suicidal intent. Other findings highlight the histories and commonalities in this high risk group. 相似文献
242.
While corruption is not an entirely new phenomenon in Germany, the number of cases suggests that proactive measures should
be taken to strengthen prevention and detection. This article proposes a number of measures which, used separately and in
combination, aid prevention and detection. It then proposes a wider management approach to dealing with corruption which ranges
from general to specific strategies and actions that are intended to prevent corruption, to design out the circumstances in
which it may occur and to provide means of detecting areas of risk and vulnerability. The article particularly focuses on
police organisations but has applied relevance to all public sector organisations.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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