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141.
142.
Lindsey G. Roberts M.A. Jessica R. Spencer M.A. Gretchen R. Dabbs Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(5):1145-1150
Forensic taphonomy explores factors impacting human decomposition. This study investigated the effect of body mass on the rate and pattern of adult human decomposition. Nine males and three females aged 49–95 years ranging in mass from 73 to 159 kg who were donated to the Complex for Forensic Anthropology Research between December 2012 and September 2015 were included in this study. Kelvin accumulated degree days (KADD) were used to assess the thermal energy required for subjects to reach several total body score (TBS) thresholds: early decomposition (TBS ≥6.0), TBS ≥12.5, advanced decomposition (TBS ≥19.0), TBS ≥23.0, and skeletonization (TBS ≥27.0). Results indicate no significant correlation between body mass and KADD at any TBS threshold. Body mass accounted for up to 24.0% of variation in decomposition rate depending on stage, and minor differences in decomposition pattern were observed. Body mass likely has a minimal impact on postmortem interval estimation. 相似文献
143.
Hutchings Vincent L. Cruz Nichols Vanessa Gause LaGina Piston Spencer 《Political Behavior》2021,43(3):1337-1360
Political Behavior - Although Barack Obama won the presidency in 2008, some Whites nevertheless penalized him because of his race. In part, these penalties involved persistent rumors about his... 相似文献
144.
A small number of accidental and suicidal deaths have occurred in the hypobaric, or high altitude, chamber. A case of an unusual suicide in a hypobaric chamber is presented. The changes that resulted from decompression and hypoxia are discussed. 相似文献
145.
Hanushek misinterprets the data on which he bases his conclusion and draws inappropriate policy implications from them. The goals of a school system affect how its resources are used. Educational goals are highly diverse. Accordingly, the measures of output used in Hanushek's studies are inappropriate. To develop more effective measures, the nature of the teaching and learning process must be much better understood. Fortunately, a solid beginning has already been made among specialists in education on that critical task; but more work is needed. 相似文献
146.
The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the effects of burning on hacking trauma inflicted with a cleaver and to assess the diagnostic potential of cleaver marks exposed to fire. Thirty pig forelimbs (radius and ulna) and 30 beef ribs were each subjected to five blows with a cleaver and five cuts with a knife prior to burning in an outdoor fire. Bones were deliberately agitated to ensure maximum cremation and induce fragmentation. Results indicate that hacking weakens bone, making fire-induced fragmentation more likely at the sites of trauma. Chop marks were easily identified on burned bone, their characteristics largely unaffected by cremation. 相似文献
147.
Injuries of the Head from Backface Deformation of Ballistic Protective Helmets Under Ballistic Impact
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Karin A. Rafaels Ph.D. Hattie C. Cutcliffe B.S.E. Robert S. Salzar Ph.D. Martin Davis M.S. Brian Boggess M.S. Bryan Bush M.D. Robert Harris M.D. Mark Steve Rountree Ellory Sanderson B.S. Steven Campman M.D. Spencer Koch M.D. Cameron R. ‘Dale’ Bass Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(1):219-225
Modern ballistic helmets defeat penetrating bullets by energy transfer from the projectile to the helmet, producing helmet deformation. This deformation may cause severe injuries without completely perforating the helmet, termed “behind armor blunt trauma” (BABT). As helmets become lighter, the likelihood of larger helmet backface deformation under ballistic impact increases. To characterize the potential for BABT, seven postmortem human head/neck specimens wearing a ballistic protective helmet were exposed to nonperforating impact, using a 9 mm, full metal jacket, 124 grain bullet with velocities of 400–460 m/s. An increasing trend of injury severity was observed, ranging from simple linear fractures to combinations of linear and depressed fractures. Overall, the ability to identify skull fractures resulting from BABT can be used in forensic investigations. Our results demonstrate a high risk of skull fracture due to BABT and necessitate the prevention of BABT as a design factor in future generations of protective gear. 相似文献
148.
Homeownership is the primary way most families build wealth in this country. Low-income homeowners are less likely to get that benefit because they are more likely to own older houses that are more costly to operate and need more essential maintenance. Rapidly escalating home energy costs are straining the budgets of many low-income homeowners, increasing the likelihood of under maintenance and mortgage default. This paper presents an evaluation of a demonstration program designed to coordinate weatherization and rehabilitation programs in order to assist low-income households, decrease energy costs, and to improve the condition and value of their homes. The experience of 11 local non-profit organizations, funded to develop programs to coordinate weatherization and housing rehabilitation services, were studied over a five-year period. The results of the evaluation indicate that there are many obstacles to coordinating weatherization and rehabilitation programs, but that it can be accomplished under the right conditions. Major gaps exist between program eligibility thresholds and in the types of assistance available to low-income homeowners. Policy recommendations for facilitating coordination are presented. 相似文献
149.
A calibration test is described for monitoring the operation of equipment used to develop latent fingerprints on thermal paper by the application of either controlled or uncontrolled heat. A working solution of a water/glycerol emulsion and butylene glycol is applied to thermal paper by means of either a vinyl stamp and pad, or a marker pen. Varying the amount of butylene glycol enables the thermal paper to change color at different temperatures between approximately 40 and 60°C, which is below the normal color change temperature of the paper. The described test may be used to verify the correct operation, at different temperatures, of a controlled heat source during and after fingerprint development (such as the Hot Print System) or to monitor the paper temperature with an uncontrolled heat source (such as a warm air blower), thereby avoiding unintentional coloring of the entire paper surface. 相似文献
150.
Dale Spencer 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2011,5(1):39-52
This article contributes to recent existentialist interventions in critical criminology (see Lippens and Crewe 2009) and offers the existential concept of ‘event’ as a guiding image for critical victimology. Whereas existential criminologists
have examined crime and wrongdoing, very little attention has been given to victimization. I utilize the existential phenomenology
of Martin Heidegger and Claude Romano to offer a critique of existing approaches to victimization within mainstream criminology
and develop an evential
analytic to understand the event of victimization. This paper brings together existential philosophy and victimology to offer an alternative
approach to victimization. I engage with the ‘problem of number’ in conventional victimology and offer a critique of quantitative
approaches to victimization based on the unsubstitutability and singularity of existence. Through a discussion of selfhood
and embodiment from an evential standpoint, this paper moves beyond existing victimological approaches to identity. I also
consider the relationship between victimization and trauma. In the final section of the paper I carve out an alternative research
agenda through a discussion of bearing witness and events of victimization. 相似文献