Understanding Pathways to Family Dispute Resolution and Justice Reforms: Ontario Court File Analysis & Survey of Professionals

This article reports on two related studies about varying pathways to the resolution of family disputes and the effects of family justice reforms in Ontario: a survey of family court professionals (n = 118) and an analysis of 1,000 closed court files of family cases involving children. Both studies reveal that the vast majority of cases are resolved without a trial, often by negotiation. While professionals generally support family justice reform initiatives, there remain significant gaps in the implementation of these strategies. For example, many litigants do not attend information programs despite the requirement for mandatory attendance; there is limited use of mediation; the views of children are being sought in only a small number of cases; and there is a large proportion of self‐represented family litigants. Despite the increase in shared care and joint decision‐making arrangements, a majority of cases in the court file study were sole custody arrangements to the mother, whether the case was settled or resolved by trial. Mediation was associated with greater time of contact with the non–primary residential parent (usually the father).     

ENHANCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CSR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO ACHIEVE SU STAINABLE DEVELOPMENT： INDONESIAN PERPSPECTIVE

The existence of Transnational Corporations （TNCs） in developing countries may affect the economic growth in developing countries as well as the environment. It is very common that in order to enhance economic growth in developing countries, the developing countries jeopardize their environment especially over exploitation of the natural resources. Therefore, it is paramount to harmonize between economic growth and protection of the environment.