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181.
Moving the Trade and Competition Debate Forward 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
182.
Love Christensen Stefan Dahlberg Johan Martinsson 《Scandinavian political studies》2015,38(2):137-157
Issue ownership (IO) has been an important concept in the analysis of party behaviour, party strategy and party competition for several decades. More recently, it has also been of growing interest for research on voting behaviour. Traditionally, IO has been regarded as a stable phenomenon where parties have different issue profiles and are advantaged by different political issues or issue‐areas. Recently, however, many studies have reported change and fluctuations of IO, and the same studies also makes it clear that we know surprisingly little about what might cause, or facilitate, change in issue ownership. In fact, we do not even have systematic studies of how stable issue ownership is, or how frequent shifts in issue ownership actually are. The aim of this article is to explore the extent of change and stability in issue ownership in Sweden. For this purpose, the Swedish national election studies from 1979 to 2010 are utilised. Although recent research has indicated that changes in IO have increased over time, this is not supported in the Swedish case. Instead, issue ownership seems never to have been a particularly stable phenomenon. However, in line with our theoretical expectations, we show that ownership of economic issues is more volatile compared to ownership of other issues. 相似文献
183.
Volatile Emission of Decomposing Pig Carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) as an Indicator for the Postmortem Interval
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Sebastian Paczkowski Ph.D. Sara Nicke B.Sc. Henrik Ziegenhagen M.Sc. Stefan Schütz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S130-S137
This study aimed at correlating selected carcass borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with the postmortem interval (PMI). Selected volatiles should 1st be reliably emitted during vertebrate decay, 2nd be emitted at high concentrations, and 3rd show a reproducible quantitative dynamic during the decaying process. Four pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) were placed in a deciduous forest in different seasons and volatiles emitted during the decaying process were sampled. Seventeen compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS. Electrophysiological experiments on the antenna of female Calliphora vicina and additional data of Dermestes maculans were used as an evolutionary tuned information filter to evaluate the 1st criterion. The relative quantitative emission of hexanal, nonanal, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 1-butanol, and phenol were correlated with the PMI, and the observed stages of decay and the limitations of this model were discussed. 相似文献
184.
Stefan Weishaar 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2007,24(1):29-70
The object of this paper is to place allocation mechanisms into a framework of Emission Trading Systems and thereby to establish
a typology. It analyses how various assignment mechanisms deal with issues such as price determination, allocative efficiency
and environmental considerations in a static and dynamic economy model. It analyses how allocation mechanisms are to be ranked
and whether they serve the attainment of the general equilibrium. First the paper examines how market-based allocation mechanisms
(auctions) perform in light of the above issues. Second the paper distinguishes between the two types of administrative allocation
mechanisms: (1) financial administrative allocation mechanisms, combining payment schemes with bureaucratic expertise, and
(2) free administrative allocation mechanisms, based inter alia on industrial policy considerations and on passed emission
records (grandfathering). In particular, the value added of relative performance standards, which are for example included
in the “Performance Standard Rate” (PSR) Emission Trading System, are examined as a means to provide allowances. The overall
finding is that in a closed static economy and in the presence of an efficient trading market, different allocation methods
produce equally efficient outcomes in allocative and environmental respects. With regard to an open dynamic economy, the impact
of initial allocation mechanisms resembles those of a static closed economy. In such an economy the upper limit to the internalisation
of negative externalities is given by operator’s costs of environmentally harmful relocation and hence the cost burden placed
upon operators is crucial. Auctions and financial administrative allocation mechanisms perform less well than free administrative
mechanisms. Relative standard base mechanisms, constituting an important element of the PSR Emission Trading System, perform
better than grandfathering schemes because they take into account abatement possibilities of industries, minimise stranded
costs and do not give rise to time shifting of abatement projects. It is therefore concluded that allocation mechanisms merit
more attention than the discussion relating to capped trade and trade without a cap.
相似文献
185.
186.
Compulsory community care (CCC) was introduced in Sweden in 2008. This article investigates all written court decisions regarding CCC over a 6 month period in 2009 (N = 541). The purpose is to examine how the legal rights of patients are protected and what forms of social control patients are subjected to. 相似文献
187.
Stefan Larsson 《Law & society review》2014,48(1):3-33
This article deals with copyright regulation meeting the quite rapid societal changes associated with digitization, and it does so by reinterpreting Karl Renner's classical texts in the light of contemporary cognitive theory of conceptual metaphors and embodiment. From a cognitive theory perspective, I focus on the notion that the legal norms only appear to be unchanged—the Renner distinction between form and function. This includes social norms, technological development, and changes in social structures in general, which create a social and cognitive reinterpretation of law. This article, therefore, analyzes the contemporary push for copyright as property, which I relate to historical claims for copyright as property as well as de facto legal revisions in intellectual property faced with the challenges of digitization. Of particular relevance here is what Renner described in terms of property as an “institution of domination and control,” and thus the increased measures for control that are added to a digital context in the name of copyright. 相似文献
188.
Stefan Dahlberg 《West European politics》2014,37(3):515-537
This study focuses on how citizens’ satisfaction with democracy is affected by system factors related to the input side of the democratic system, i.e. the electoral dimension, as well as to factors related to the output side, i.e. the quality of government. The study investigates the extent to which different election system characteristics and degrees of policy representation (in terms of ideological congruence between voters and representatives) and the presence of effective, professional and impartial governmental institutions are related to citizens’ satisfaction with the way democracy works. The study uses data from CSES on individual voters and party system characteristics together with data on governmental institutions from the QoG Institute. Overall, the results indicate that factors such as government effectiveness are of greater importance for citizens’ satisfaction with the way democracy functions, compared to factors like ideological congruence on the input side. Impartial and effective bureaucracies matter more than representational devices. 相似文献
189.
Using data from 1992 to 2001, we study the impact of members’ economic forecasts on the probability of casting dissenting votes in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). Employing standard ordered probit techniques, we find that higher individual inflation and real GDP growth forecasts (relative to the committee’s median) significantly increase the probability of dissenting in favor of tighter monetary policy, whereas higher individual unemployment rate forecasts significantly decrease it. Using interaction models, we find that FOMC members with longer careers in government, industry, academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), or on the staff of the Board of Governors are more focused on output stabilization, while FOMC members with longer careers in the financial sector or on the staffs of regional Federal Reserve Banks are more focused on inflation stabilization. We also find evidence that politics matters, with Republican appointees being much more focused on inflation stabilization than Democratic appointees. Moreover, during the entire Clinton administration ‘natural’ monetary policy preferences of Bank presidents and Board members for inflation and output stabilization were more pronounced than under periods covering the administrations of both George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush, respectively. 相似文献
190.
The use of the herbal stimulant khat (Catha edulis FORSK) is maintained by immigrants from countries where it is part of their cultural life (Arabian Peninsula and eastern Africa). In western countries the drug and its effects are largely unknown and no experience in evaluating impairment symptoms due to the khat-alkaloids, e.g. cathinone, cathine and norephedrine exists. Blood and urine samples from khat users involved in 19 cases of suspected driving under the influence of drugs were analysed and correlated with the results of medical examination and police officer reports. In 3 cases impaired driving and in 10 cases marked impairment of psychophysical functions was observed such as effects on the nervous system (slow pupil reaction to light, dry mouth, increased heart-rate), trembling, restlessness/nervousness, daze/apathy/dullness, impairment of attention, walking and standing on one leg. However, the alkaloid concentrations assayed in blood did not correlate with the impairment symptoms. Apart from an acute phase of indirect sympathomimetic action the development of habituation and withdrawal symptoms must also be considered in explaining the diversity of effects observed. From these results it can be concluded that chewing khat may severely impair driving ability, but may also be without noticeable effects. 相似文献