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181.
Dr. iur. ass. Stefan Möckel 《Natur und Recht》2007,29(9):602-608
Keine Zusammenfassung 相似文献
182.
世界许多国家对外空研究和在外空对地球的研究都给予优先发展的权利。这一发展趋势连同新近不断增强的外空活动商业化趋势,私人公司积极参与各种不同研究开发项目的必要性以及已经公布的创立一个或者多个永久性月球空间站的计划,都将使得外空活动中的专利保护越来越受到世界各国的重视。根据这种理念,如果一项受专利保护的发明在没有取得专利所有者同意的情况下在外空活动中被使用,那么当前对此最首要的任务就是建立一个明确的法律框架以确保其必要的法律确定性。 相似文献
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184.
Moving the Trade and Competition Debate Forward 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
185.
Love Christensen Stefan Dahlberg Johan Martinsson 《Scandinavian political studies》2015,38(2):137-157
Issue ownership (IO) has been an important concept in the analysis of party behaviour, party strategy and party competition for several decades. More recently, it has also been of growing interest for research on voting behaviour. Traditionally, IO has been regarded as a stable phenomenon where parties have different issue profiles and are advantaged by different political issues or issue‐areas. Recently, however, many studies have reported change and fluctuations of IO, and the same studies also makes it clear that we know surprisingly little about what might cause, or facilitate, change in issue ownership. In fact, we do not even have systematic studies of how stable issue ownership is, or how frequent shifts in issue ownership actually are. The aim of this article is to explore the extent of change and stability in issue ownership in Sweden. For this purpose, the Swedish national election studies from 1979 to 2010 are utilised. Although recent research has indicated that changes in IO have increased over time, this is not supported in the Swedish case. Instead, issue ownership seems never to have been a particularly stable phenomenon. However, in line with our theoretical expectations, we show that ownership of economic issues is more volatile compared to ownership of other issues. 相似文献
186.
Volatile Emission of Decomposing Pig Carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) as an Indicator for the Postmortem Interval 下载免费PDF全文
Sebastian Paczkowski Ph.D. Sara Nicke B.Sc. Henrik Ziegenhagen M.Sc. Stefan Schütz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S130-S137
This study aimed at correlating selected carcass borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with the postmortem interval (PMI). Selected volatiles should 1st be reliably emitted during vertebrate decay, 2nd be emitted at high concentrations, and 3rd show a reproducible quantitative dynamic during the decaying process. Four pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) were placed in a deciduous forest in different seasons and volatiles emitted during the decaying process were sampled. Seventeen compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS. Electrophysiological experiments on the antenna of female Calliphora vicina and additional data of Dermestes maculans were used as an evolutionary tuned information filter to evaluate the 1st criterion. The relative quantitative emission of hexanal, nonanal, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, 1-butanol, and phenol were correlated with the PMI, and the observed stages of decay and the limitations of this model were discussed. 相似文献
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188.
Stefan Weishaar 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2007,24(1):29-70
The object of this paper is to place allocation mechanisms into a framework of Emission Trading Systems and thereby to establish
a typology. It analyses how various assignment mechanisms deal with issues such as price determination, allocative efficiency
and environmental considerations in a static and dynamic economy model. It analyses how allocation mechanisms are to be ranked
and whether they serve the attainment of the general equilibrium. First the paper examines how market-based allocation mechanisms
(auctions) perform in light of the above issues. Second the paper distinguishes between the two types of administrative allocation
mechanisms: (1) financial administrative allocation mechanisms, combining payment schemes with bureaucratic expertise, and
(2) free administrative allocation mechanisms, based inter alia on industrial policy considerations and on passed emission
records (grandfathering). In particular, the value added of relative performance standards, which are for example included
in the “Performance Standard Rate” (PSR) Emission Trading System, are examined as a means to provide allowances. The overall
finding is that in a closed static economy and in the presence of an efficient trading market, different allocation methods
produce equally efficient outcomes in allocative and environmental respects. With regard to an open dynamic economy, the impact
of initial allocation mechanisms resembles those of a static closed economy. In such an economy the upper limit to the internalisation
of negative externalities is given by operator’s costs of environmentally harmful relocation and hence the cost burden placed
upon operators is crucial. Auctions and financial administrative allocation mechanisms perform less well than free administrative
mechanisms. Relative standard base mechanisms, constituting an important element of the PSR Emission Trading System, perform
better than grandfathering schemes because they take into account abatement possibilities of industries, minimise stranded
costs and do not give rise to time shifting of abatement projects. It is therefore concluded that allocation mechanisms merit
more attention than the discussion relating to capped trade and trade without a cap.
相似文献
189.
190.
Compulsory community care (CCC) was introduced in Sweden in 2008. This article investigates all written court decisions regarding CCC over a 6 month period in 2009 (N = 541). The purpose is to examine how the legal rights of patients are protected and what forms of social control patients are subjected to. 相似文献