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T N Steinberg 《American journal of law & medicine》1989,15(4):483-517
This Note examines how both the law and the health care profession neglect women's needs for abortion counseling before, during and after an abortion. Part I analyzes the health care profession's view of counseling, the psychological effects of abortion and how counseling both positively and negatively influences those effects. Part II reviews Supreme Court cases and state law regarding abortion counseling, critizing both the Court's narrow view of counseling and the states' failure to use the legislative process to create laws which benefit maternal health. Part III recommends an expanded role for abortion counseling, in which the counselor can provide emotional support from before the day of an abortion until a woman emotionally recovers from an abortion. This expanded role would be state-mandated, but would remain within constitutional boundaries by providing flexibility for counselors to give individual treatment while respecting a woman's privacy. 相似文献
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Shoshana Steinberg 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2004,17(3):471-489
The discourse in encounter groups between Jewish and Palestinian Israeli citizens was analyzed to investigate factors that promoted or hindered understanding between conflict groups. A typology of seven categories, ordered on a scale from monologues that do not meet to affective and cognitive understanding, was used. A histogram presented percents of speech categories per encounter. Qualitative and quantitative methods exposed factors influencing group processes. Changes in speech categories were chaotic, as opposed to linear. Analysis showed an interaction between the pressure of the conflict reality outside and the internal group process. This article addresses the theoretical question of the goal of intergroup encounters. 相似文献
45.
Quantification of Maxillary Dental Arcade Curvature and the Estimation of Biological Ancestry in Forensic Anthropology 下载免费PDF全文
Melissa A. Clark B.A. B.A. Debbie Guatelli‐Steinberg Ph.D. Mark Hubbe Ph.D. Sam Stout Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(1):141-146
Previous studies suggest that palate shape is a useful indicator of biological ancestry in human remains. This study evaluates interobserver error in ancestry estimation using palate shape and explores palate shape variation in Gullah (descendants of West Africans) and Seminole (Indigenous American) population samples using geometric morphometric analysis. Ten participants were asked to ascribe biological ancestry and shape to 28 dental casts based on a classification scheme employed in previous studies. The mean correct classification was 42.0%, indicating that the likelihood of assigning the correct ancestry is very poor and not significantly different from random assignment (p = 0.12). The accuracy analysis based on categorical classification of the casts was complemented by geometric morphometric analysis of nine 3D landmarks reflecting palate shape of 158 casts. Principal component analysis results show no difference between populations regarding palate shape, and cross‐validated discriminant function analysis correctly classified only 62.0% of the specimens. Combined, these results show that previous methods to estimate ancestry are inaccurate and that this inaccuracy is probably due to a lack of palate shape differences between groups, rather than limitation of the analytical method per se. Therefore, we recommend caution should be used when choosing to apply the analysis of palate shape in forensically relevant contexts. 相似文献
46.
Labeling effects of initial juvenile justice system processing decision on youth interpersonal ties*
Zachary R. Rowan Adam Fine Laurence Steinberg Paul J. Frick Elizabeth Cauffman 《犯罪学》2023,61(4):731-757
The juvenile justice system can process youth in myriad ways. Youth who are formally processed, relative to being informally processed, may experience more public and harsh sanctions that label youth more negatively as “deviant.” Drawing on labeling theory, the current study evaluates the relative effect of formal justice system processing on the interpersonal dynamics of youth peer networks. Using data from the Crossroads Study, a multisite longitudinal sample of first-time adolescent offenders, the current study applies augmented inverse probability weighting and generalized mixed-effects models to estimate the effects of formal processing on friendship selection processes of homophily and withdrawal and considers whether these effects vary by race and ethnicity. Consistent with expectations of homophily, formally processed youth acquire more new deviant peers and fewer nondeviant peers during the 3 years after their initial processing decision compared with informally processed youth. The findings suggest no differences exist across processing types in withdrawal from friends. These effects were consistent across racial and ethnic groups. Ultimately, this study explores the dynamic interpersonal mechanisms associated with labeling theory and offers additional insight into the negative effects of formal processing. 相似文献
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Carol A. Schubert Edward P. Mulvey Thomas A. Loughran Jeffrey Fagan Laurie A. Chassin Alex R. Piquero Sandra H. Losoya Laurence Steinberg Elizabeth Cauffman 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(6):460-475
Extant research regarding juvenile transfer has focused primarily on the negative effects of current policies, with little
consistent and rigorous work on the variation among the adolescents transferred to adult court and their later adjustment
in the community. Using a sample of 193 transferred youth from Arizona, we consider how certain individual characteristics
are related to four post-release outcomes (antisocial activity, re-arrest, re-institutionalization, and gainful activity).
We find considerable variability in outcomes, with adjustment significantly and consistently related to certain legal and
risk-need factors. These results indicate that some transferred youth may experience negative outcomes, and that refinements
to transfer policy may benefit from consideration of these factors in determining which serious adolescent offenders are most
appropriate for transfer. 相似文献
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县域政治系统是县域政策的制定、执行和反馈的系统,在县域政治系统的政策议程中,政策输入具有政府主导输入的特征.政府主导输入强化了公共问题的政治系统的体认和意志,而忽视了政策过程中的公民政治参与,导致了县域公民政治参与的缺乏和不足,因此,增强公民的政治参与不仅是县域科学、民主决策的需要,而且也是县域社会主义民主政治建设的需要. 相似文献
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