全文获取类型
收费全文 | 377篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 32篇 |
工人农民 | 15篇 |
世界政治 | 47篇 |
外交国际关系 | 23篇 |
法律 | 171篇 |
中国共产党 | 1篇 |
中国政治 | 3篇 |
政治理论 | 99篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 92篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有394条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
This article examines option hedging strategies that enable politicians to manage budgetary risk. While the theoretical risk management arguments are general, the simulation analysis considers the example of oil revenue risk in Texas, and estimates the costs and benefits of an option hedging program. To evaluate government option hedging strategies, the study develops a hedge quotient measure that compares the future value of realized revenues plus net option proceeds to the future value of expected revenue. The average hedge quotient is found to be lower for the option hedging strategy than for the unhedged position, illustrating the cost of an option hedging program. Nevertheless, option hedging effectively manages extreme downside risk and stops large budget deficits from occurring. Politicians may also like option hedging because it preserves the potential of realizing budget surpluses. 相似文献
22.
Steve Jacob Louis M. Imbeau Jean‐Franois Blanger 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2011,54(2):189-215
Abstract: The administrative discretion of civil servants is a central topic in public administration literature. Some authors view it as necessary and beneficial, while other researchers see it is a source of widespread abuse. However, reforms inspired by the “new public management” taking place in a number of public administrations are promoting greater managerial flexibility. In parallel with these modernization initiatives directed at administration, scandals continue to shake politico‐administrative life, and ethical issues are increasingly at the heart of public action. It is within this context that we question the relationship between an increasing managerial discretion and the development of an ethics infrastructure. Which areas are at risk? Can ethics help overcome the potential abuses of power? How do managers perceive their ability to be flexible and the role of ethics in their work? How do you implement the ethical requirements developed in various standards documents? These are the principal themes addressed in this article that presents the findings of a qualitative case study conducted in a Quebec ministry in 2008–2009. Our results show that, contrary to what promoters of the new public management claim, managers have little, if any, discretionary power in matters of financial management. Their actions and decisions are strictly governed by hierarchical control mechanisms or a computer system. This explains in part why taking ownership of general principles and establishing an ethics infrastructure remain a formal process. 相似文献
23.
James C. Spilsbury Lara Belliston Dennis Drotar Allyson Drinkard Jeff Kretschmar Rosemary Creeden Daniel J. Flannery Steve Friedman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):487-499
This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels
of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating
in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics,
type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes
consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with
greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat)
after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of
reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized.
Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds
of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome
measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
24.
25.
William U. Weiss Ph.D. Gerald Serafino Ph.D. Ann Serafino Walt Willson Steve Knoll 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1998,13(1):40-44
The MMPI-2 is one of the most frequently employed instruments for the selection of police officers. Serafino and Serafino
(1997) collected data which involved information about employment continuation and ratings by supervisors of 32 police officers
who had recently been hired and who had been given the MMPI-2 during the hiring process. In this study, the Paranoia Obvious
(Pa) and Paranoia Subtle (Ps) scales proved to be the significant. Pa Subtle correlated with removal whereas Pa Obvious correlated
with rating. Higher scores on Pa Subtle correlated significantly with being removed from the job, whereas low scores on the
Pa Obvious correlated with higher ratings of performance by supervisors. Discussion of the results involved the fact that
Subtle Pa scores would suggest paranoid tendencies not easily detected during the interview. Since most high Pa Obvious individuals
would have been eliminated in the hiring process, expression of this tendency was at a low level after being hired but if
present resulted in low ratings. Significant predictors were noted to be very much a function of the type of criterion variable
employed in the study. 相似文献
26.
This research, using the content, validity and clinical scales found in the MMPI-2, investigates the differences in the psychological
makeup of male versus female police recruits. The research design involves testing of police recruits on the first day of
their academy experience. The literature on the police personality suggest that there exists a stereotype for male officers,
a finding replicated in this study. The findings of this research also suggest that female officers do not generally fit the
stereotype found in the study of male officers.
An earlier version of this paper was present at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, March
12–16, 1996, Las Vegas, Nevada. 相似文献
27.
28.
29.
30.