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981.
This paper focuses on the effects of political ideology and party affiliation on support for more government spending on environmental protection. Pooled‐sample results show that Liberals (Democrats) are more likely to support higher government spending on environmental protection than Moderates (Independents), who, in turn, are more likely to support higher spending levels than Conservatives (Republicans). The results persist even when we control for respondents' opinions concerning whether the federal government, in general, does too little or too much. When stratifying by party, ideological divisions generally narrow, while stratifying by ideology leads to slightly wider divisions between Democrats and Republicans. Together, these results suggest that when Liberals and Conservatives form opinions about government spending on the environment, party affiliation, to some degree, dampens the effects of ideology. Between 2014 and 2018 the probability of supporting more environmental spending increased, albeit slightly, for all ideologies and parties, but more so for Liberals and Democrats. 相似文献
982.
Public Choice - Much has been written about politicians’ preferences for electoral systems, yet little is known about the preferences of voters. In 1993, New Zealand had a binding electoral... 相似文献
983.
It is not uncommon for there to be multiple eyewitnesses to a crime, each of whom is later shown a lineup. How is the probative value, or diagnosticity, of such multiple-witness identifications to be evaluated? Previous treatments have focused on the diagnosticity of a single eyewitness’s response to a lineup (Wells and Lindsay, Psychol. Bull. 3 (1980) 776); however, the results of eyewitness identification experiments indicate that the responses of multiple independent witnesses may often be inconsistent. The present paper calculates response diagnosticity for multiple witnesses and shows how diagnostic probabilities change across various combinations of consistent and inconsistent witness responses. Multiple-witness diagnosticity is examined across variation in the conditions of observation, lineup composition, and lineup presentation. In general, the diagnostic probabilities of guilt were shown to increase with the addition of suspect identifications and decrease with the addition of nonidentifications. Foil identification results were more complicated-diagnostic of innocence in many cases, but nondiagnostic or diagnostic of innocence in biased lineups. These analyses illustrate the importance of securing clear records of all witness responses, rather than myopically focusing on the witness who identified the suspect while ignoring those witnesses who did not. 相似文献
984.
Saul M. Kassin Steven A. Drizin Thomas Grisso Gisli H. Gudjonsson Richard A. Leo Allison D. Redlich 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(1):3-38
Reviewing the literature on police-induced confessions, we identified suspect characteristics and interrogation tactics that
influence confessions and their effects on juries. We concluded with a call for the mandatory electronic recording of interrogations
and a consideration of other possible reforms. The preceding commentaries make important substantive points that can lead
us forward—on the effects of videotaping of interrogations on case dispositions; on the study of non-custodial methods, such
as the controversial Mr. Big technique; and on an analysis of why confessions, once withdrawn, elicit such intractable responses
compared to statements given by child and adult victims. Toward these ends, we hope that this issue provides a platform for
future research aimed at improving the diagnostic value of confession evidence. 相似文献
985.
Why Should Remorse be a Mitigating Factor in Sentencing? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Steven Keith Tudor 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2008,2(3):241-257
This article critically examines the rationales for the well-settled principle in sentencing law that an offender’s remorse
is to be treated as a mitigating factor. Four basic types of rationale are examined: remorse makes punishment redundant; offering
mitigation can induce remorse; remorse should be rewarded with mitigation; and remorse should be recognised by mitigation.
The first three rationales each suffer from certain weaknesses or limitations, and are argued to be not as persuasive as the
fourth. The article then considers, and rejects, two arguments against remorse as a mitigating factor in sentencing: that
the crime, not the offender, is the focus of punishment; and that the truly remorseful offender would not ask for mitigation.
The article concludes with a brief consideration of whether a lack of remorse should be an aggravating factor.
相似文献
Steven Keith TudorEmail: |
986.
This article reports the results of a major survey that was distributed to the members of the International Personnel Management Association and the Section on Personnel and Labor Relations of the American Society for Public Administration. The intent of the survey was twofold: to gauge the respondents' perspectives on the relative importance of various personnel techniques, activities, and values, and to assess their projections concerning the changes that will occur during the next decade. In addition to providing an interesting snapshot of the perceived state of modernization within public-sector human resource management, the results reflect a considerable degree of agreement concerning the expected direction of further changes. Themes arising from the reinvention movement, as well as the technological revolution, dominate the response patterns. The implications of these perceived alterations in the field of human resource management are discussed, and potential problem areas are identified. 相似文献
987.
Richard Schwindt Aidan Vining Steven Globerman 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2000,19(1):23-45
This article applies cost‐benefit analysis to the Canadian Pacific commercial salmon fishery. It demonstrates that government policies to preserve the fishery have resulted in higher net social costs than would have resulted from a "do nothing" policy, notwithstanding the rent dissipation associated with unconstrained resource exploitation. The value of landings and the private costs of the harvest over a cycle (1988‐1994) are calculated. On average, fishers extracted rents of C$34.7 million (in constant 1995 Canadian dollars) annually. The public costs of enhancing the resource and organizing and policing the harvest are estimated. When these costs are included in the calculation, net benefits drop to an average of negative C$55.6 million annually. This translates into a net present value (NPV) of the salmon fishery of negative C$784. The effects on NPV of both modest policy changes implemented in 1996‐1997 and of a more dramatic but credible fleet rationalization program are provided. The results indicate that further policy change is called for. More generally, the study shows that policy reform that would significantly benefit both the private sector (through reduced rent dissipation) and the public sector (through reduced government expenditures) can be surprisingly difficult. © 2000 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
988.
Steven E. Barkan 《Critical Criminology》2009,17(4):247-259
The value of quantitative analysis for a critical understanding of crime and society has often been questioned. This paper
joins the debate by reviewing quantitative evidence on key criminological topics: the causes of crime, public opinion on crime,
and the operation and impact of the criminal justice system. This evidence highlights the importance of economic deprivation
and racial prejudice and discrimination for understanding U.S. crime and justice and points to the ineffectiveness of the
nation’s “get tough” approach to crime control. In these ways, quantitative analysis has already bolstered central propositions
in critical criminology and promises to continue to do so. 相似文献
989.
In order to move beyond the existing push/pull framework to understand disengagement, we apply a systematic coding scheme derived from Mayer and colleagues' integrative model of organizational trust to examine why people leave extremist groups. In doing so, we also rely on in-depth life history interviews with twenty former left- and right-wing extremists to examine whether antecedents of distrust vary between the two groups. Findings suggest substantial similarities and important differences between left- and right-wing extremists' decision to leave. In particular, perceptions of poor planning and organization, low-quality personnel and vindictive behavior generate perceptions of organizational distrust and disillusionment. Although findings from the current study are based on a relatively small sample, notable similarities were identified between both groups regarding sources of distrust (e.g., leaders, group members). We also identified differences regarding the role of violence in weakening solidarity and nurturing disillusionment with extremist activities. We conclude this article with suggestions for future research that extend the study of terrorism and that may have significance for how practitioners address countering violent extremism initiatives. 相似文献