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271.
Henry Horwitz 《The Journal of legal history》2013,34(2):152-166
The trial notes of Chief Justices William Mansfield and Dudley Ryder have proved to be rich sources for the study of common law judicial process in the decades after 1750. Equally valuable, but hitherto unanalyzed, are the trial notes of Philip Yorke, Lord Hardwicke, compiled when he was Chief Justice of King's Bench in the mid-1730s. This study provides an account of Hardwicke's notes, comparing and contrasting their style and substance to those of Mansfield and of Ryder, thereby enlarging our appreciation of the character and treatment of civil litigation in the royal courts under George II and George III. 相似文献
272.
Larry L. Orr Robert B. Olsen Stephen H. Bell Ian Schmid Azim Shivji Elizabeth A. Stuart 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2019,38(4):978-1003
Evidence‐based policy at the local level requires predicting the impact of an intervention to inform whether it should be adopted. Increasingly, local policymakers have access to published research evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions from national research clearinghouses that review and disseminate evidence from program evaluations. Through these evaluations, local policymakers have a wealth of evidence describing what works, but not necessarily where. Multisite evaluations may produce unbiased estimates of the average impact of an intervention in the study sample and still produce inaccurate predictions of the impact for localities outside the sample for two reasons: (1) the impact of the intervention may vary across localities, and (2) the evaluation estimate is subject to sampling error. Unfortunately, there is relatively little evidence on how much the impacts of policy interventions vary from one locality to another and almost no evidence on the implications of this variation for the accuracy with which the local impact of adopting an intervention can be predicted using findings from an evaluation in other localities. In this paper, we present a set of methods for quantifying the accuracy of the local predictions that can be obtained using the results of multisite randomized trials and for assessing the likelihood that prediction errors will lead to errors in local policy decisions. We demonstrate these methods using three evaluations of educational interventions, providing the first empirical evidence of the ability to use multisite evaluations to predict impacts in individual localities—i.e., the ability of “evidence‐based policy” to improve local policy. 相似文献
273.
Political Behavior - This paper uses analyses of commercial polls alongside content-analytic measures of sentiment in the content of nine newspapers to explore the relationship between voter... 相似文献
274.
Yael Parag Stuart Capstick Wouter Poortinga 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2011,30(4):889-905
A comparative experiment in the UK examined people's willingness to change energy consumption behavior under three different policy framings: energy tax, carbon tax, and personal carbon allowances (PCA). PCA is a downstream cap‐and‐trade policy proposed in the UK, in which emission rights are allocated to individuals. We hypothesized that due to economic, pro‐environmental and mental accounting drivers PCA would have greater potential to deliver emissions reduction than taxation. Participants (n = 1,096) received one version of a survey with the same energy‐behavior–related questions and identical incurred costs under one of the following framings: energy tax (where carbon was not mentioned), carbon tax, and PCA. Results suggest that policies that draw people's attention to carbon (PCA and carbon taxation) could have greater impact on their stated willingness to reduce energy consumption, and on the reduction amounts prompted, than would a non‐overt price signal (energy tax). There is mixed evidence, however, as to whether PCA or carbon taxation would produce the largest energy demand reductions. Some indication was found for a spillover toward wider carbon conservation under the PCA framing. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
275.
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
276.
277.
Generally speaking, campaign-related contact motivates voters. One form of such contact not much explored in the voter mobilization
literature is the petitioning for ballot initiatives that occurs with considerable frequency in about half the states and
even more localities. Using newly-available data that allow us to match individual petition signers with their subsequent
election behavior, we explore the role of having had a hand in a ballot measure’s qualifying stage in propelling individual
voters to the polls. Specifically, we perform multivariate analysis on a random sample of 1,000 registered Arkansas voters,
1,100 registered Florida voters, and all 71,119 registered voters in Gainesville, Florida to measure the influence of petition-signing
in spurring voter turnout. We find marginal effects in the statewide samples, but substantial and significant turnout effects
in the Gainesville municipal election—an off-cycle, low-profile election. Furthermore, the effect of petition-signing—across
all of our samples—is strongest among irregular, as compared to habitual, voters. These findings are in keeping with recent
campaign mobilization experimental research and comport with previous findings on the “educative effects” of ballot measures
on voter turnout. 相似文献
278.
Adipocere is a postmortem decomposition product that consists of a mixture of fatty acids. The rate of formation of adipocere from pig adipose tissue in an aqueous environment has been monitored. The effect of various clothing and carpet material types on the process was investigated. The fatty acid composition of the adipocere was determined at regular intervals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Examination of the changes to fatty acid concentrations allowed the degree of adipocere formation in the different environments to be estimated. The study demonstrated that the rate at which adipocere forms is particularly accelerated by the presence of coverings produced from natural materials. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed, for the most part, little change to the cations present in the adipocere formed. However, an increase in Ca concentration was observed for tissue wrapped in acrylic carpet, which was associated with a CaCO(3) additive used in the carpet manufacture. 相似文献
279.
Shorey RC Temple JR Febres J Brasfield H Sherman AE Stuart GL 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2012,27(15):2980-2998
Psychological aggression is the most prevalent form of aggression in dating relationships, with women perpetrating as much, if not more, psychological aggression than men. Researchers have advocated for an examination of the consequences that follow psychological aggression for the perpetrator, in hopes that this will lead to innovative intervention programs aimed at ameliorating dating violence. The current study investigated the self-reported consequences of having perpetrated psychological aggression against a dating partner among female college students in a current dating relationship (N = 115). Participants endorsed numerous consequences as having followed their perpetration of psychological aggression, including both punishing and potentially reinforcing consequences. Furthermore, findings indicated that for some perpetrators, psychological aggression may function as a method of emotion regulation. Implications of these findings for future research and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
280.
Henry B. Loewendahl 《German politics》2013,22(1):89-105
In the 1990s German conglomerates have attempted to move towards Anglo‐Saxon business values. Siemens saw shareholder value as the key measure of competitiveness. To become more Anglo‐Saxon, the strategy of Siemens was to globalise its business and change corporate culture. These changes have proved to be insufficient. Vertically integrated conglomerates need to break up their business empires, focus on their core competencies and move towards de‐integrated networking relations if they want high stock‐market performance. 相似文献