欧美再犯状况与刑事政策的动向

<正> 前言最近公布的1985年犯罪白皮书,在其预防再犯特集中,发表了关于我国再犯状况的数字。由于是依据法务综合研究所的调查,所以它是在1980年对各种被处罚者处罚后3年内的再犯率和再犯期间的统计。据此,我     

香港与内地仲裁裁决司法审查制度的借鉴和融合

通过对香港和内地在仲裁裁决司法审查范围、标准和技术方面的综合分析,本文认为两地在司法制度、法治发展和仲裁理念上的较大差异导致了两地在对待仲裁裁决司法审查上之截然不同。重要的是,香港法院对仲裁的支持态度及其具体审查操作的先进经验,可为内地在这一领域的改革提供重要指引。《香港与内地关于相互执行仲裁裁决的安排》实施近十年来,已逐渐出现两地仲裁界和司法界在审查制度面向上的趋同。惠于"一国两制"和"更密切经贸关系"的大背景,相信两地间商事仲裁的融合会更加蓬勃发展,为中国跨境商事活动提供更好的争端解决服务。     

规范性文件冲突及其在中国的治理

Regulatory instruments in the form of normative documents has been used as a way to modernize Chinese society since the late 1970s. However, the conflict between laws undermines the effectiveness of such efforts. This article aims to answer the following questions in the process of law-making: How serious is the conflict of normative documents in China? Why there exists the conflict of normative documents? How the Legislation Law approaches the conflict of normative documents? What to be done to prevent the conflict of normative documents?     

构建当代中国法治高校的路径选择

高校是社会的缩影,法治高校作为管理理念,是落实我国依法治国基本方略的具体实践.本文阐释了法治高校的意义,同时对当前我国高校在法治进程中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了实现法治高校的路径.     

Policy Innovation of Local Officials in China: the Administrative Choice

Local policy innovation is considered one of the major drives for China’s rapid economic development, especially during the first 35 years of reform in China. Given the new central policies and constant anti-corruption campaigns under the Xi administration, this article examines a timely question of why and how local officials continue to develop new innovative policies and projects. Based on previous theoretical building, the article analyzes such key institutional factors as new rules of game and their impact on local officials’ competition for survival and career advancement. Selecting cases across all the districts from a typical city in China, this article compares and identifies the changing patterns in local policy innovation. Policy innovations are administrative choices made by local officials in response to new and changing institutional opportunities and constraints. The discussion in this article makes significant contributions both theoretically and empirically to the China studies.

     

科学发展观研究的生态文明视角

人类的文明史从原始狩猎文明经农业文明到现在的工业文明,给世界创造繁荣的同时,人类也面临资源枯竭、环境恶化的生态危机。文章通过对生态文明建设在科学发展观中的地位和作用的分析,认为生态文明是人类社会发展的必然指向,是人类文明发展的必由之路,符合当代中国实际和时代潮流,而生态文明的最终实现也必须以科学发展观为基础。     

论延安精神的时代价值

延安精神是我们党的传家宝,是中华民族宝贵的精神财富.延安精神的主要内容是:坚定正确的政治方向,解放思想、实事求是的思想路线,全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨,自力更生、艰苦奋斗的创业精神,其产生具有深刻的社会历史根源.在新的历史条件下,延安精神仍然具有巨大的凝聚力和感召力,具有巨大的现实意义和时代价值.我们要与时俱进,全面培育和弘扬延安精神.     

中国美学的历史综述——对美学研究的宏观问题的深层思考

以美学史为观照视角,可以清晰地界定“中国古代美学”这一宏观概念,进而可以论证中国古代没有美学。同时。“中国近代美学”、“中国现代美学”、“中国当代美学”这几个概念需要认真甄别,如果对时间纬度的时代和空间纬度的内容进行科学严谨的比较分析,可以显见中国美学的历史分期的划分依据是中国历史发展的时代。以中国历史发展的时代为标准,中国美学在不同的历史分期呈现出不同的概貌。     

Evaluation and applicability of Alere iCup DX 14 for rapid postmortem urine drug screening at autopsy

Performing point‐of‐care urine drug screen testing at autopsy by a forensic pathologist may provide an early indication of the presence of analytes of interest during autopsy. An evaluation for the screening of 14 classes of common drugs of abuse in postmortem urine by the point‐of‐care screening device, Alere iCup DX 14, is presented. One hundred ninety postmortem urine samples were screened with the iCup occurring at autopsy by the forensic pathologist. Positive and negative results obtained from the screening kit were evaluated against confirmatory test results obtained using routine forensic toxicology analyses that employed LC‐MS/MS and GC‐MS to detect a combination of over 85 common drugs of abuse and medications. Sensitivity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 66% (buprenorphine) to 100% (methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). Specificity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 89% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone). Positive predictive values ranged from 44% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone), while negative predictive values ranged from 96% (methamphetamine) to 100% (barbiturates, methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). A high false‐positive rate was yielded by the benzodiazepine class. The lack of fentanyl screening in the point‐of‐care device is a significant limitation considering its prolific prevalence in forensic casework. The results obtained in the study should be acknowledged when considering the use of the Alere iCup DX 14 in the context of postmortem casework to help indicate potential drug use contemporaneously with autopsy and when requiring such preliminary results prior to the release of a final forensic toxicology report.