Local Taxation in the Netherlands

Provincial governments in the Netherlands have only one general tax at their disposal. However, it has become an insufficient source of revenue for this level of government in the Dutch system. To increase the revenue raising capacity of the provincial governments, thirteen broad-based general tax proposals not used at the local level were examined. The objective was to find a fair and equitable tax that could easily be collected and would result in fl. 200 million in additional revenue for the provincial governments.     

生态政治价值系统论析

依据生态政治本身的系统组成,其价值系统应分为自然-社会-政治价值系统、社会-政治价值系统、政治内系统价值系统。生态政治自然-社会-政治价值系统具有政治化的自然工具价值、政治化的自然享用价值、政治化的自然生态价值(有的学者认为也具有政治化的自然自价值)。在生态政治社会-政治价值系统中,“社会政治化”是问题的关键所在,而“社会政治化”又与“市民社会”、“政治社会”的彼此消长紧密相联。在生态政治的政治内系统价值系统中,则需着重探讨生态政治中的政治主体、政治理论、政治道德、政治规范等方面的问题。     

英国的调解制度--近期发展

本文分析了英国近来的一些案例,介绍了英国在采取非诉方法解决争议方面的最新发展,强调了法院在一些案件中的态度.     

《水浒传》与百年"好汉山东"叙事

就山东的地域文化来说,占主流地位的是以孔孟为代表的儒家思想。但是,作为一种文化形象,体现着民间色彩的"好汉山东"形象却更为人们所认同、流传更广泛。这一现象的出现,与《水浒传》的传播有着极大关系。《水浒传》不仅在"好汉山东"这一地域文化形象的建构过程中起了重要作用,也以其特色鲜明的英雄叙事传统,深深地影响了百年"好汉山东"的文学想象与书写方式。     

The evolution of European legal integration

This article contributes to the development of theories on European integration by testing and exploring statistical models on the long-term development of legislative activity of the European Commission. Drawing on legal information gained from the European Union’s PreLex database and analyzing it with the help of statistical analyses, we map out growth patterns of EU law between 1976 and 2003. We construct time-series models and models based on non-linear regression. While the performance of models based on the traditional theoretical approaches, intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism, is rather poor, the analysis suggests that nonlinear dynamic models might be an interesting avenue for future conceptualizations of the EU integration process. This article is based on a paper presented at the ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, “Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diversity”, 24–26 June 2004, Bologna, Italy. We would like to thank the seminar participants for useful comments.     

Examining Sexual Violence in the Military Within the Context of Eritrean Asylum Claims Presented in Norway

Discussion of rape by soldiers as a form of persecution haslargely been directed towards the context of war or actual conflict.Nevertheless, there is a need for attention to be directed towardsthe phenomenon of rape within the military in the post-conflictperiod. This article discusses asylum claims presented in Norwayby Eritrean female soldiers claiming risk of persecution inthe form of sexual violence, rape, or torture within the military.First, presentation is made of the history of Eritrean women'sparticipation in the war of independence and the ensuing politicaland legislative gains won at the end of the war against Ethiopia.Review of Eritrea's report and responses to the Committee onthe Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) reveala state of backlash against women in the post-conflict period.Second, examination of how rape within the military and desertionmay fall under the criteria of the definition of a refugee accordingthe 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees is pursued. Comparisonis drawn to instances of rape of women soldiers in the US andIsrael, as well as sexual violence by United Nations Missionin Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) peacekeepers, revealing commonchallenges affecting prevention and protection strategies. Third,a comparative review is conducted of evidentiary standards inorder to highlight the importance of maintaining a flexibleapproach responsive to the special circumstances of sexual violence.The Norwegian practice indicated a tendency to provide protectionfor compassionate grounds or humanitarian protection, ratherthan asylum. This resulted in non-recognition of the legitimacyof claims based on gender related persecution as requiring legalprotection under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees.     

高校学报编辑队伍管理中心理契约的违背与预防

心理契约反映了组织与个体之间关于责任和承诺的一种期望。在学报编辑队伍管理中完善高校学报编辑心理契约,利于在学报编辑与学报编辑部之间构建和谐的劳资关系。学报编辑心理契约违背主要受期望源、具体的破裂条件和食言本身性质三个因素的影响。在学报编辑管理中构建和谐心理契约,需要在出版文化建设、共同愿景培养、动态管理机制和有效激励机制建设等方面加强工作。     

THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATORS MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE COURT:

In their article, Tippins and Wittmann articulate a strong position against custody evaluators making specific custody recommendations to the court. This response will focus on my thoughts about their concepts and my belief that recommendations can be useful and appropriate some of the time, even though there may be significant problems with certain types of recommendations and problems with some evaluators.