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951.
Susan S. Silbey 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2002,37(2):163-175
How are conceptions of crime as abnormal sustained in the face ofpersistent sociological evidence that crime is normal? While ostensiblyexpressing different images of crime, together the accounts of crime asepisodic ruptures of the social fabric and as a normal feature of healthysocieties sustain the possibility of the sociality necessary for collective life.This paper explores the contradictory relationships between law and crimeas a normal feature of social life and crime as a rupture in the social web.Decades of research in crime, law and deviance have documented howcrime is a constituent and normal feature of any legal system: theorized asan aspect of law; professionally managed through law andinterpreted on the basis of the normal and conventionalcharacter of events and relationships; organized as a reflection andreproduction the encompassing social structure; experienced as familiar,ordinary and frequent. Crime is a normal and expected feature of any legalsystem whose anticipation is a resource for the production of law. Yet inpopular culture, rather than professional sociology, crime is experienced asbizarre, abnormal, a distinct rupture of what is conventionally portrayedas a seamless web of normative conformity. Conceptions of law'sabnormality helps to maintain normal appearances, to sustain the illusionof society, to individualize the event as one person's pathology, to containits threat, and to turn it into an economically and professionally managedproject. The contradictory cultural representations and experiences helpsustain a hegemonic reality in which crime is both a usual feature ofordinary social life to be understood and managed like any other mundanematter, and an episodic event that need not challenge confidence in whatis in effect a reified conception of society. 相似文献
952.
953.
Susan Rose-Ackerman 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1983,3(1):14-30
Advocates for the poor frequently support uniform, high federal standards for subsidized social services. While such standards may improve the quality of services for those who qualify, they can also have unintended but important side effects. Stringent regulations may actually curtail the supply of services, promote segregation, and expand the role of large subsidized for-profit firms. All these possibilities are illustrated by the history of federal regulation in subsidizing child day care. The federal government's retreat from regulation in 1980 and 1981 may have had results that—even if unintended—were in many ways salutary. 相似文献
954.
955.
Susan Moller Okin 《Law & social inquiry》1991,16(3):553-573
956.
Intensive supervision was began as an extension of regular probation for those offenders who needed closer surveillance. However,
in the last decade, Intensive Supervision has been used increasingly as an alternative to incarceration in order to help alleviate
the problem of overcrowding in our prisons. In the eight-year period from 1977 to 1985, the prison population of this country
has increased 68 percent. In view of this, many states are using intensive supervision as one alternative to reduce commitment
rates. This study examines the effectiveness of one such program called the Intensive Treatment Supervision Program which
operates out of the Montgomery County Adult Probation Department, Dayton, Ohio. The performances of probationers on intensive
supervision are compared to a group of probationers on regular supervision to determine whether intensive supervision, through
improved service delivery, can have an impact on high risk probationers and serve as a basis for a program to divert offenders
from overcrowded facilities. 相似文献
957.
958.
959.
The National Interest and the Federal Role in Education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current discussion of national goals for education createsa predicament for the federal government. Political pressureis mounting for an increased federal role in education, butits ability to play this role is limited both by its own budgetand policy constraints and by the increase in education policyinitiatives of state and local government over the past tenyears. This predicament is not amenable to solution by resortto traditional doctrinal or functional views of federalism.It requires the formulation of a new federal strategy. Amongthe initiatives the federal government might take are raisingpublic discourse about educational performance, sponsoring collaborativeefforts to reduce the incoherence of current educational reformsat the high school level, and increased use of federal categoricalprograms as development projects for new approaches to teachingand learning. These initiatives have the advantage of beingconsistent with current federal budget and policy constraints,drawing upon traditional federal functions, and complementingstate and local reform efforts. 相似文献
960.
This study examines findings from a pediatric health history and child physical examination conducted for 105 outpatient and 105 inpatient children who were classified on the basis of their history of physical and sexual abuse. Based on multivariate and univariate analyses, physically abused children had more early developmental delays, neurologic soft signs, serious physical injuries, skin markings and scars, and stimulant drug use than their non-physically abused peers. Sexually abused children were reported to exhibit higher levels of sexual activity and stimulant drug use, and had more physical signs of genital manipulation than non-sexually abused children. These data highlight the need to further examine the impact of medical and developmental aberrations, the nature and origins of recurrent physical injuries in this population, and the extent of risk-taking in understanding the differences between physical and sexual child maltreatment. 相似文献