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841.
This paper examines effects that alternative voting systems can have on electoral outcomes in multicandidate elections. Using ballots collected from a county Republican Party special election, we recount the votes using preference-based voting systems and compare the results to the special election outcome. Relative rankings of candidates change across vote counting rules and voting systems. Because candidates trade places depending on rules, there are strong strategic implications for candidates and for those establishing the rules. 相似文献
842.
843.
844.
845.
Anne T. Gallagher 《Human Rights Review》2011,12(3):381-400
In 2000, the United States Congress passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act requiring its State Department
to issue annual Trafficking in Persons Reports (TIP Reports) describing “the nature and extent of severe forms of trafficking
in persons” and assessing governmental efforts across the world to combat such trafficking against criteria established by
US law. This article examines the opportunities and risks presented by the TIP Reports, tracing their evolution over the past
decade and considering their impact on the behavior of states. In looking to the future, the article focuses on how this influential
unilateral compliance mechanism could improve its legitimacy, respond to negative impacts, and better contribute to the international
legal regime around trafficking. 相似文献
846.
The analysis of expert certification on isolated hip fractures has shown that some experts make errors of underestimation of harm to the health basing on the criterion "duration of health impairment". How to prevent such errors and to improve quality of forensic medical certification is proposed. Such measures will raise social value of medical forensic expertise. 相似文献
847.
Sidorov VL Shvetsova IV Isakova IV Cherepanova TV Spiridonova OV 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》2007,50(2):11-13
It is shown that for verification of human sperm presence on the spots on material evidence it is feasible to apply solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the kit "PSA-EIA-BEST T-8458" which is used in clinical practice for diagnosis of prostatic cancer and some other diseases. The method is specific and highly sensitive, convenient for objective registration and computer processing. It is also cost-effective and provides not only significant identification of sperm on the exhibits but also its human origin in complete absence of spermatozoa on the spot. 相似文献
848.
The fetus is subjected to mechanical forces during labor and delivery, which may result in traumatic injuries. Such injuries include intracranial hemorrhage, spinal cord lesions, cephalhematoma, cranial or peripheral nerve palsies, intraabdominal organ rupture, or bony fractures. Risk for perinatal trauma and mortality is increased in primigravidas, multiple gestations, abnormal presentations, maternal-fetal disproportion, oligohydramnios, forceps or vacuum extractions, and internal version maneuvers. Very-low-birth-weight neonates (<1500 g) are at high risk due to ease of deformity of the cranium. Infants with certain congenital anomalies or pathologic processes that distort normal anatomy are also at increased risk, especially when a prenatal diagnosis is lacking. The authors present a case of a term gestation neonate who sustained a cervical spine dislocation fracture of C5-7, with subtotal transection of the spinal cord and resultant paralysis. The fetus was in vertex presentation, and a manual vaginal delivery was attempted. When the infant lodged in the birth canal following a difficult delivery of the head and arms, its enlarged abdomen was palpated, and the delivery was converted to an emergent cesarean section. The infant lived for 3 days and then expired due to neurologic complications of trauma sustained during the attempted vaginal delivery. Autopsy revealed a previously undiagnosed intraabdominal immature teratoma. The pathology of teratomas, the most common neonatal tumor and occasionally implicated in cases of birth trauma, will be addressed, followed by a review of the literature concerning birth trauma. 相似文献
849.
Dmitrieva OA Fedchenko TM Goncharenko DV Iurtaeva EA Pichugin AP 《Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza》2007,50(4):24-27
We studied the trend in the number of forensic-medical examinations in trials against obstetricians and gynecologists conducted in Primorsky Region in 1997-2005. Most typical defects in obstetric-gynecological care are characterized. These cases are analysed in terms of forensic-medical practice. Detection and forensic-medical analysis of the above defects contribute to optimization of the diagnosis and treatment both in obstetric-gynecological practice and in wide medical practice. 相似文献
850.
Prospective associations between violent victimization, the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and the subsequent
onset of violent aggression were examined. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), participants
were divided into violent and non-violent cohorts based on whether they had committed an act of violence prior to Wave 1.
Results showed that violent victimization at Wave 1 predicted the onset of violent aggression at Wave 2 for adolescents who
were non-violent at baseline. Earlier violent victimization, however, had no effect on aggression trajectories for baseline
violent adolescents. Parent-adolescent relations functioned as a protective buffer, such that violently victimized adolescents
who reported high quality relationships with parents were less likely to be involved in violent aggression at Wave 2. Subsequent
gender interaction analyses revealed that while the buffering effect was evident for males, parent-adolescent relations did
not protect females from the onset of aggressive behaviors. Findings are evaluated in light of social learning and cycle of
violence theories that highlight the role of violent victimization among adolescents.
相似文献
Jeffrey T. Cookston (Corresponding author)Email: |