Alienation-reduction as a paradigm for delinquency reduction

It is suggested that agencies adopt the concept of alienation-reduction as the paradigm for designing and coordinating juvenile delinquency programs. Existing theory and data are consistent with the view that delinquency is associated with alienation and most existing rehabilitation approaches can be viewed within the framework of alienation-reduction. Adoption of the paradigm offers three important advantages: (1) it defines the problem in terms of the individual's relation to his environment; (2) it can facilitate communication among diverse youth-serving agencies; (3) it provides a logical basis for action and decisions regarding prevention, diversion, and treatment programs.     

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS AND CORPORATE CRIME: SURVEYING THE PROSECUTORIAL GATEKEEPERS

A mail survey of California district attorneys regarding corporate crime focused on the recent experiences of the prosecutors with such crimes and on factors that limit the likelihood of their prosecuting corporate offenders. A significant majority of the district attorneys had prosecuted a variety of corporate crimes, and a sizable minority anticipated devoting more resources to corporate crime prosecutions in the future. There was a strong consensus among the district attorneys that the primary obstacle to corporate crime prosecutions is not political but practical and inheres in the level of resources available to them. Prosecutors in small districts were more constrained by the potential impact that a corporate prosecution might have on the local economy than their counterparts in large districts. This finding suggests that community context may influence social control responses to corporate lawbreakers.     

Haptoglobin phenotyping by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and its application to simultaneous typing of serum proteins

A simple isoelectric focusing method for haptoglobin (HP) typing is described. Serum was pretreated first with C. perfringens neuraminidase (CPN) and then with dithiothreitol (DTT). The treated serum was subjected to polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIF), and the band patterns were detected by immunoblotting. The method could be successfully applied to HP typing of bloodstains as old as 2 months. A slight modification of it enabled HP, complement component C81, and factor I (IF) to be typed simultaneously. The immunoblotting facilitated preservation of HP patterns. Thus, the PAGIF method for HP typing is suitable for routine use in the forensic laboratory.     

Reflections on the Role of Joint Financial Management Improvement Program

The Joint Financial Management Improvement Program was created by the Congress as a means to encourage and sanction cooperation between the executive and legislative branches in the improvement of the government's financial management. This article traces the need for and development of the Joint Program. It also points out how underutilized the Joint Program is in today's efforts by the federal government to develop financial systems which have real meaning for administrative and program management.