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231.
A looking glass self-orientation refers to the tendency to incorporate the opinions of social partners to form a self-representation
and approve of one’s self. These orientations were assessed for two adolescent siblings in 438 families with surveys accessed
on-line. Younger (M = 11.6 years, SD = 1.8) and older (M = 14.3, SD = 2.1) siblings and their mothers (82.7% European-American) participated. The siblings shared similar orientations in relying
on either classmates or the other sibling for approval, prior to self approval. Relying on classmate approval was significantly
associated with adjustment and academic performance as reported by both the self and mothers. Siblings were also identified
as sources of approval with implications for adjustment, but the magnitude of the associations with adjustment were lower.
Comparisons of the older and younger siblings revealed that both groups were equally as liable to poor outcomes when reflecting
the opinions of classmates or siblings. The results of SEM analyses implicate parenting characterized as coercive, rejecting,
and chaotic in association with the tendency to rely on others for approval. A mediating role for looking glass self-orientations
in associations between parenting and depressive symptoms, anxiety or academic performance was also found.
Wendy C. Gamble is an Associate Professor at the University of Arizona in the Division of Family Studies and Human Development. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from the Pennsylvania State University. Her current research focuses on the socialization of emotional competencies among children and on sibling interactions and developing self-systems among children and adolescents. Jeong Jin Yu is an Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University, York. He completed his doctorate in Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona. His research interests include child and adolescent socioemotional development and multivariate statistical methods. 相似文献
Jeong Jin YuEmail: |
Wendy C. Gamble is an Associate Professor at the University of Arizona in the Division of Family Studies and Human Development. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development and Family Studies from the Pennsylvania State University. Her current research focuses on the socialization of emotional competencies among children and on sibling interactions and developing self-systems among children and adolescents. Jeong Jin Yu is an Assistant Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University, York. He completed his doctorate in Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona. His research interests include child and adolescent socioemotional development and multivariate statistical methods. 相似文献
232.
This study examined dimensions of mothers’ and fathers’ involvement in adolescents’ romantic relationships when offspring
were age 17. Using cluster analysis, parents from 105 White, working and middle class families were classified as positively
involved, negatively involved, or autonomy-oriented with respect to their adolescents’ romantic relationships. Patterns of
parental involvement were generally not associated with parent–offspring relationship quality at about adolescent age 13,
but earlier parent–offspring relationship quality moderated the associations between parental involvement and adolescent romantic
experiences at about age 18. Positive parent–offspring relationship quality buffered the effects of negative parental involvement,
whereas poorer parent–offspring relationship quality was a more adaptive context for adolescents of autonomy-oriented parents.
Discussion focuses on the importance of parenting practices in adolescent romantic relationships and the emotional climate
of parent–offspring relationships as a developmental context for those practices.
相似文献
Marni L. KanEmail: |
233.
Suicide is an important public health problem in China: It is the fifth leading cause of death in China, and suicide in China accounts for over 30% of the world's overall suicide deaths. The substantial burden due to suicide has not been well recognized. This study aims to provide an estimate of the socioeconomic burden of the suicide problem in China in terms of years of life lost (YLL) and to discuss its implications. Suicide rates and the related YLL by age, gender, and region (urban/rural) from 1990 to 2000 were estimated using the most recent data from the Ministry of Health of China. The suicide rate in rural China was three times higher than that in urban areas. Suicide completers in rural areas shared 90% of total YLL. Rural women aged 25-39 years contributed the largest share of YLL. Our results show that some population subgroups contributed a disproportionate share to the disease burden of suicide. National strategies for suicide prevention should include targeted programs in catering the need of these specified subgroups in China. 相似文献
234.
The International Monetary Fund: A review of the recent evidence 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A review of recent quantitative studies on the International Monetary Fund reveals that much of the conventional wisdom is
incorrect. Recent studies have demonstrated a new degree of methodological rigor, have drawn more heavily upon insights from
political science, and have asked a number of new questions. We review studies of participation in IMF programs, design of
IMF conditionality, implementation and enforcement of IMF conditions, conventional program effects and catalytic effects.
At every stage, we find substantial evidence of the influence of major IMF shareholders, of the Fund’s own organizational
imperatives, and of domestic politics within borrowing countries. We conclude that very little is known with certainty about
the effects of IMF lending, but that a great deal has been learned about the mechanics of IMF programs that will have to be
taken into account in order to obtain unbiased estimates of those effects.
相似文献
Randall W. StoneEmail: |
235.
Visas and work permits: Possible global negotiating initiatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We discuss global options for initiatives intended to ameliorate adverse impacts of visa and work permit systems used by national
governments around the world. We first describe and document some of their effects, noting the relative lack of other research
work on these issues. We then discuss proposals for a new and supplemental global visa structure which have been made as part
of the Mode 4 GATS negotiations in the WTO, suggesting that the GATS/WTO may be an imperfect institutional location for negotiating
on these matters. We then evaluate other approaches, including what realistically could be possible if a new body specifically
created for global negotiation in the area were to be used.
相似文献
John WhalleyEmail: |
236.
237.
238.
This paper provides the first empirical study of delegate voting behavior on issues of slavery at the U.S. Constitutional Convention. We analyze two categories of votes: those related to apportionment and those related to the regulation of the slave trade. Although it is widely believed that delegates voted consistent with the interests of their states on issues of slavery, we find that for votes on apportionment, the effect of state interests was enhanced by both the delegate’s personal interest and his religious background. For votes regulating the slave trade, state interests had a significant effect but only within specific regions. 相似文献
239.
Thomas D. Cook William R. Shadish Vivian C. Wong 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2008,27(4):724-750
This paper analyzes 12 recent within‐study comparisons contrasting causal estimates from a randomized experiment with those from an observational study sharing the same treatment group. The aim is to test whether different causal estimates result when a counterfactual group is formed, either with or without random assignment, and when statistical adjustments for selection are made in the group from which random assignment is absent. We identify three studies comparing experiments and regression‐discontinuity (RD) studies. They produce quite comparable causal estimates at points around the RD cutoff. We identify three other studies where the quasi‐experiment involves careful intact group matching on the pretest. Despite the logical possibility of hidden bias in this instance, all three cases also reproduce their experimental estimates, especially if the match is geographically local. We then identify two studies where the treatment and nonrandomized comparison groups manifestly differ at pretest but where the selection process into treatment is completely or very plausibly known. Here too, experimental results are recreated. Two of the remaining studies result in correspondent experimental and nonexperimental results under some circumstances but not others, while two others produce different experimental and nonexperimental estimates, though in each case the observational study was poorly designed and analyzed. Such evidence is more promising than what was achieved in past within‐study comparisons, most involving job training. Reasons for this difference are discussed. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
240.
Thomas C. Walker 《国际研究季刊》2000,44(1):51-72
The recent questions about the viability of political realism highlight a need for alternative theoretical frameworks to guide international relations research. These alternatives, however, have been slow to emerge, due in part to the field's traditional neglect of political theory. In this essay I present an alternative based on a survey of Paine's international thought. Sir Michael Howard referred to Paine as the most important internationalist writer of all time, but his contributions have been largely ignored by students of international relations. Paine was a classic second image theorist who first posited how democratic governance would promote a peaceful world. Paine's works leave us with all the features of cosmopolitan thinking in international relations: Faith in reason and progress, the evils of authoritarian regimes, the democratic peace, the peaceful effect of trade, nonprovocative defense policies, open diplomacy, obsolescence of conquest, the universal respect for human rights, and the democratic propensity to engage in messianic interventionism. I conclude with a comparison of Kant and Paine where I argue that Paine is the more faithful representative of the Enlightenment for students of international relations. 相似文献