中国志愿服务研究的代际传承

改革开放以来,伴随中国志愿服务的发展繁荣,志愿服务理论研究也逐渐兴起、不断兴旺.从哲学、社会学、经济学、心理学以及其他学科视野研究志愿服务的成果不断涌现.同时,志愿服务研究呈现代际的差异和传承.第一代是为志愿服务"鼓与呼".第二代是为志愿服务"打基础".第三代是为志愿服务"立梁柱".第四代是为志愿服务"闯天下".第五代是为志愿服务"开新路".第六代是为志愿服务"散枝叶".未来要注重提升研究境界、拓展研究领域、丰富研究方法、构建研究纽带.让新时代中国特色志愿服务理论更有生机活力,发挥更大作用.     

通知删除规则适用之阙如及其完善

通知删除规则的适用对网络服务提供者责任的认定起着至关重要的作用,但在具体实践过程中,网络服务提供者的注意义务尚存争议,必要措施的选择亟需厘清,合理期限的确定尚不明晰,这为司法实践带来了诸多困难.因此,应以权责利益一致原则界定平台方合理的注意义务,"适时"将转通知纳入通知删除之范畴,并根据比例原则采取相应的措施应对多样化的网络侵权问题;合理期限的确定并非一定需以明确的时间为基准,而应该赋予网络服务提供者一定的自主决策能力,使其能根据具体情况从权利人和网络用户两方视角出发,综合分析各自的利益得失后进行确定.     

企业社会责任脉络考辩:理论、法律与技术

疏理自由主义、现实主义,尤其是马克思主义企业社会责任理论脉络,是认识作为从大工业时代向信息时代过渡的中介与转换环节的企业社会责任实质的关键.在企业实践的历史演绎中,考察与辨析公司法人所有权及其制度构建,是理解企业社会责任逻辑演绎和体系构建的重中之重.企业社会责任既是企业联系内外部关系的中介工具,也是信息时代企业关系体系的重要组成部分.在中国社会与环境问题上,政府——企业社会责任合作平台建设发挥着不可或缺的主导作用.     

欧盟战略自主与欧版“印太战略”

为提高国际社会影响力,实现“新安全战略”,应对“美国优先”、英国“脱欧”等危机和挑战,欧盟强化战略自主并培育安全力量建设。随着印太地区地缘战略重要性的增强,欧盟及其成员国不断加强与印太的联系,力求成为该地区新的战略参与者。欧版“印太战略”,以日欧贸易协定为蓝本,优先发展对日关系,联合介入印太,通过与印太国家签订双边或多边自由贸易协定,探索在这一地区建立多边自由贸易体系;强调经济与安全并重发展;法英在欧盟介入印太过程中充当先遣队。它以维护自由与开放、繁荣和稳定的印太秩序为切入点,使欧盟成为这一地区解决传统与非传统安全问题的利益攸关方,谋求与中美在印太地区实现战略平衡。     

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度问题研究

党的十九届四中全会对坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度做出了重要部署,学习贯彻全会精神需要加强对社会主义基本经济制度创新性内涵以及坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度的理论逻辑、实践要求的研究。社会主义基本经济制度内涵从“公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展”到所有制、分配制度、经济体制“三位一体”的新格局,标志着社会主义基本经济制度更趋成熟、稳固和完善。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度,明确了高质量发展的挑战、战略目标及实现路径,形成了以制度保障经济高质量发展的理论逻辑。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度的实践要求,必须坚持两个“毫不动摇”;必须坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度;必须加快完善社会主义市场经济体制。     

Foster youth and crime: Employing general strain theory to promote understanding

Purpose

Despite the growing research evidence into vulnerability, disadvantage, and poor outcomes for young people leaving foster care, relatively little attention has been paid to our understanding of criminal engagement. The present study contributes to our understanding of this process by drawing on general strain theory (GST) to examine how specific forms of strain may lead to crime among foster youth.

Methods

Data from a national study of post-care foster youth in England are examined using robust logistic regression analysis, and a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews. Logistic regression was applied to conduct a simultaneous analysis of main and interaction effects of strains and conditioning variables on crime involvement among foster youth. Thematic analysis was utilised to explore themes for explaining the quantitative findings.

Results

Strains such as unemployment, school exclusion, length of time in care and instability of placement were significant predictors for involvement in criminal activity among foster youth. Conditioning factors, namely self-esteem and life skills acquired prior to leaving care, tend to mediate the relationship between these strains and criminal involvement. In-depth qualitative evidence further reinforced the effects of strains and conditional nature of the strains-crime relationship among foster youth.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the utility of employing GST in studies of foster youth, and they suggest implications for youth services and other foster youth programmes.     

A simplified clustering method for novice narcotic chemists

Statistical classification remains the most useful statistical tool for forensic chemists to assess the relationships between samples. Many clustering techniques such as principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis have been employed to analyze chemical data for pattern recognition. Due to the feeble foundation of this statistics knowledge among novice drug chemists, a tetrahedron method was designed to simulate how advanced chemometrics operates. In this paper, the development of the graphical tetrahedron and computational matrices derived from the possible tetrahedrons are discussed. The tetrahedron method was applied to four selected parameters obtained from nine illicit heroin samples. Pattern analysis and mathematical computation of the differences in areas for assessing the dissimilarity between the nine tetrahedrons were found to be user-convenient and straightforward for novice cluster analysts.     

Gas chromatographic method validation for the analysis of major components in illicit heroin seized in Malaysia

Apart from routine analysis of total morphine content required by the criminal justice system, quantification of other major components in illicit heroin has not been considered by the Malaysian enforcement laboratory. In order to quantify various other cutting agents in addition to alkaloids, a gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed to facilitate simultaneous quantification of eight target analytes commonly found in illicit heroin seized in Malaysia within a 12 min run time. The validation results demonstrated high selectivity with the use of an HP Ultra 2 capillary column. Different solvents were studied and methanol:chloroform (1:9) proved best for sample dissolution. The method was repeatable and reproducible. The study ranges covering 50-150% of the preferred concentrations of the eight analytes obtained r(2)>0.9997. Limits of detection up to 6μg/mL were also obtained and the method achieved 99-102% recovery. The capability of the method in heroin profiling was verified using samples from ten case samples.     

Capsule shells adulterated with tadalafil

Following a health complaint a food supplement was brought in for analysis on the suspicion of being adulterated with a synthetic drug substance. When the capsule content did not show evidence of adulteration, the capsule shell was investigated. Using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS the capsule shell was found to contain 2.85 mg of the erectile dysfunction drug tadalafil. Using microscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy the presence of tadalafil was shown throughout the gelatine matrix as particles and dissolved into the matrix. The adulteration is probably carried out by adding tadalafil powder to a gelatine jelly in the manufacturing of the capsules shells. Because this technique may also be used for other drug substances, capsules shells should be considered a vehicle for hiding drug substances in general.     

头颅CT片性别的识别

目的 通过头颅CT片研究性别识别的方法.方法 在头颅CT片测量头颅多项指标,应用各个指标进行二分类logistic回归分析建立性别判定方程. 结果应用颧弓间距指标可以建立一元方程:Z=-69.051 0.521X1,p=1/1 e-z.应用多项指标可以建立多元方程:Z=-115.873 0.585X1 0.119X4 0.254X7 0.229X8 0.101X6,P=1/1 e-z.结论 根据头颅CT片进行性别判定时,最好是测量多项指标.在指标不全时,就只需测量颧弓间距,也可以有较好的判别效果.