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121.
Claudia Liuzzi M.D. Felice Carabellese M.D. Francesco Vinci M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1120-1122
Abstract: A large number of conditions have been mistaken for abuse. Differentiating accidental injuries from inflicted injuries is important in the management of injured children. In this work, the authors describe two cases of accidental perineal‐vaginal injury in children. In case 1, a 4‐year‐old girl suffered a vaginal tear caused by violent stretching during play; in case 2, a 3‐year‐old girl had minor lacerations of labia minora and majora. The intervention of a multi‐specialist team including a forensic pathologist and forensic psychiatrist was the key factor in being able to exclude abuse by third parties in the described cases.. This leads to the appropriate recommendations to be adopted in the forensic medicine setting. 相似文献
122.
Francesco Ventura M.D. Ph.D. Alessandro Bonsignore M.D. Raffaella Gentile M.D. Francesco De Stefano M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(5):1380-1383
Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. We present two fatal cases of hidden pneumonia in young people and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS with reference to the histological pattern. A complete forensic approach by means of autopsy and histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological, examination was carried out. In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study. 相似文献
123.
The effects of biased technological change on total factor productivity: empirical evidence from a sample of OECD countries 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Technological change is far from neutral. The empirical analysis of the rate and direction of technological change in a significant
sample of 12 major OECD countries in the years 1970–2003 confirms the strong bias of new technologies. The paper implements
a novel methodology to identify and disentangle the effects of the direction of technological change upon total factor productivity
(TFP) and shows how the introduction of new and biased technologies affects the actual levels of TFP according to the relative
local endowments. The empirical evidence confirms that the introduction of biased technologies enhances TFP when its direction
matches the characteristics of local factor markets so that locally abundant inputs become more productive. When the direction
of technological change favours the intensive use of production factors that are locally scarce, the actual increase of TFP
is reduced. 相似文献
124.
Francesco Lupariello M.D. Serena Maria Curti M.D. Elena Coppo M.D. Sara Simona Racalbuto Psy.D. Giancarlo Di Vella M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):638-642
The “Blue Whale Challenge” is a dangerous Internet phenomenon. As per media reports, it involves a series of life‐threatening tasks imposed by a “curator” to “players,” who must fulfill the whole list, and it ends with the suicide of the player. The authors report the data of five suspected cases of “Blue Whales” managed from January 2016 to December 2017 by the staff of a unit (the “Bambi Unit” of the Pediatric Hospital “Regina Margherita” of Turin, Italy) that is dedicated to the evaluation of suspected abused children. Then, they analyzed this data in the light of the literature regarding self‐harm. This comparison highlights the role of the Internet in the spreading of self‐harm behavior among vulnerable adolescents who are characterized by epidemiological, psychological, psychiatric, social, and cultural risk factors. In conclusion, the authors suggest a multidisciplinary and specialized approach in the evaluation of adolescents who committed self‐harm activities. 相似文献
125.
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127.
Tuberculous myocarditis is a rare finding. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who was in good health and who died suddenly at home. Autopsy and histopathologic examinations revealed granulamatous lesions in the myocardium, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. No fast acid bacilli were demonstrated on histological examination. The presence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA complex was identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histological samples. An HIV test carried out on the blood obtained during the autopsy was negative according to the DNA amplification technique (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serological test. We hypothesize that the mechanism of death was severe ventricular arrhythmia due to granulomatous proliferation in the structures of the interventricular septum. 相似文献
128.
Intelligence analysts commonly associate cases on the basis of similarities found in compared characteristics of scientific evidence. The present paper studies some of the inferential difficulties associated with such operations. An analysis is proposed that breaks down the reasoning process into inference to common source, and inference to case linkage. The former requires an approach to the difficulty associated with evaluating the similarities of items of evidence from different cases with no putative source being available. The latter requires consideration to be given to the relevance of evidence. Throughout the paper, probability theory is used to describe the nature of the proposed inferences. Graphical models are also introduced with the aim of providing further insight into the dependence and independence relationships assumed to hold among the various propositions considered. Notions from decision theory are used to discuss ways in which intelligence analysts may assist investigators in deciding whether or not cases should be considered as linked. 相似文献
129.
Campobasso CP Linville JG Wells JD Introna F 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2005,26(2):161-165
Entomological evidence is most often used for estimating the postmortem interval, but fly larvae can also be a source of vertebrate DNA. Forensic analysis of DNA recovered from a larva's gut can be used to identify what the larva had been feeding on. During our previous research studies, we used the same DNA extraction for the dual purpose of identifying the insect species and associating a maggot with its last meal. In our experience, we have encountered several situations where this method for associating a maggot with a corpse would have been useful, such as removal of remains from a suspected crime scene, an alternative food source is nearby the scene or the body, and a chain-of-evidence dispute. However, since maggot gut content analysis is a quite brand-new area of study, many of the limitations of the technique have not yet been explored. The results of our most recent research studies suggest that third-instar larvae actively feeding on the corpse can be considered the best source of human DNA, better than postfeeding or starved larvae. In this paper, the state of the art of forensic genetic analysis of maggot gut contents is reviewed. 相似文献
130.
Biedermann A Taroni F Delemont O Semadeni C Davison AC 《Forensic science international》2005,147(1):59-69
This paper extends a previous discussion of the use of Bayesian networks for evaluating evidence in the forensic investigation of fire incidents. Bayesian networks are proposed for two casework examples and the practical implications studied in detail. Such networks were found to provide precious support in addressing some of the wide range of issues that affect the coherent evaluation of evidence. 相似文献