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141.
This study examines the relationship between policy interventions by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and de jure labor rights. Combining two novel data sets with unprecedented country-year coverage – leximetric data on labor laws and disaggregated data on IMF conditionality – our analysis of up to 70 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 demonstrates that IMF-mandated labor market policy measures significantly reduce both individual and collective labor rights. Once we control for the effect of labor market policy measures, however, we find that collective labor rights increase in the wake of IMF programs. We argue that this result is explained by the impact of union pressure on governments which, in such a context, are imbued with the policy space to respond to domestic interest groups. The study has broader theoretical implications as to when international organizations are effective in constraining governments’ choices. 相似文献
142.
This article explores the potential of using children’s perceptions of distance to reflect a gendered understanding of remoteness. Data collected from 1,549 children in Tanzania concerning their perceptions of remoteness in relation to accessibility of school, health care, and water resources were analysed in reference to their impact on school attendance and performance. Gendered variability in perceived distances to services by children may indicate that remoteness is as much of a social issue as it is a geographic phenomenon, in that girls perceive distance and time between home and destination to be further than boys who travel approximately the same distance. 相似文献
143.
144.
Anthony L. Burrow Amanda C. O’Dell Patrick L. Hill 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(11):1265-1273
While having a purpose in life has been theorized as a developmental asset, the extent to which adolescents cultivate a meaningful
sense of direction is not well understood. In the present study, cluster analysis was used to classify adolescents by levels
of purpose exploration and commitment. The sample (N = 318; 55% female) consisted of youth aged 14–18 and was predominantly White/non-Hispanic (76.3%). Results supported four
meaningful yet distinguishable profiles of youth purpose that are largely consistent with theories on identity formation:
Achieved, Foreclosed, Uncommitted, and Diffused. Hypothesized linkages with affect and hope were established across the profiles
such that positive emotions and goal-directed thinking were most apparent among Achieved and Foreclosed youth and least apparent
among Diffused and Uncommitted youth. Overall, findings demonstrate the inherent complexity in adolescents’ engagement with
purpose and suggest a correspondence between stronger commitments to purpose and youths’ sense of personal agency and well-being. 相似文献
145.
Ellen H. O’Donnell Melissa Moreau Esteban V. Cardemil Alisha Pollastri 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(1):12-22
Research on the mechanisms by which interparental conflict (IPC) affects child depression suggests that both parenting and
children’s conflict appraisals play important roles, but few studies have explored the role of general cognitive style or
included both parenting and cognitions in the same design. Moreover, the effects of IPC on minority children are not well
understood. In this longitudinal study, parenting was examined as a mediator of the relation between increasing IPC and change
in depression. General cognitive style was included as a moderator. The combined influence of parenting and cognitions was
also explored. A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 88 fifth and sixth graders from two urban schools reported their
cognitive style, depressive symptoms, and perceptions of conflict and parenting at two time points separated by one year.
Parental warmth/rejection mediated the relation between IPC and depression, and general cognitive style acted as a moderator.
Parenting, cognitive style, and IPC did not significantly interact to predict change in depression over time. Findings indicate
that both parenting and children’s general cognitive style play a role in understanding the impact of increasing IPC on children’s
well-being. 相似文献
146.
147.
Thomas T. Holyoke Jeffrey R. Henig Heath Brown Natalie Lacireno-Paquet 《Policy Sciences》2009,42(1):33-55
Baumgartner and Jones (1993) showed how radically new policies emerge on government agendas as a consequence of exogenous shocks to policy subsystems displacing privileged interests. But how do these policies evolve post-punctuation? In this paper, we present three different models of policy change. Policies may revert to the old status quo if displaced interests re-assert themselves, or they may be “locked-in” by new interests now reaping the benefits. Alternatively, they may incrementally change as lawmakers “learn” how to better meet target population needs, particularly by witnessing how other jurisdictions address similar problems. We test these models with data on change in state charter schools laws over time. We find that whether old status quos are overthrow, and the fate of charter policies when they are enacted, is influenced more by competing political interests, especially interest groups, than elite and public perceptions of broad systemic crises. Yet, we also find that changing demands on the state and learning from the successes and failures of neighboring states also play significant roles. 相似文献
148.
The article reviews the state of research on public-private partnerships (PPP) which, following a development in the Anglo-Saxon countries, in the past few years have been introduced as a policy tool in Germany as well. Based on a short conceptual and historical introduction, recent political science publications as well as contributions from economic, legal, and administrative scientists are systematized and critically assessed. This also includes a review of selected publications on PPP experiences in Britain. Finally, the paper discusses relatively neglected research issues, including methodological deficits as well as problems of input legitimacy. 相似文献
149.
Thomas Jensen 《Public Choice》2009,141(1-2):213-232
Theories from psychology suggest that voters’ perceptions of political positions depend on their non-policy related attitudes towards the candidates. A voter who likes (dislikes) a candidate will perceive the candidate’s position as closer to (further from) his own than it really is. This is called projection. If voters’ perceptions are not counterfactual and voting is based on perceived policy positions then projection gives generally liked candidates an incentive to be ambiguous. In this paper we extend the standard Downsian model in order to investigate under what conditions this incentive survives in the strategic setting of electoral competition. 相似文献
150.
Tobias Jung Tim Scott Huw T. O. Davies Peter Bower Diane Whalley Rosalind McNally Russell Mannion 《Public administration review》2009,69(6):1087-1096
Organizational culture is widely considered to be one of the most significant factors in reforming and modernizing public administration and service delivery. This article documents the findings of a literature review of existing qualitative and quantitative instruments for the exploration of organizational culture. Seventy instruments are identified, of which 48 could be submitted to psychometric assessment. The majority of these are at a preliminary stage of development. The study's conclusion is that there is no ideal instrument for cultural exploration. The degree to which any measure is seen as "fit for purpose" depends on the particular reason for which it is to be used and the context within which it is to be applied. 相似文献