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Tim Spier 《German politics》2019,28(2):222-241
In modern representative democracies political parties are the main institutions responsible for providing linkage between citizens and the state. One way to do this is through organizational linkage mechanisms, especially the representation of a party’s voters through the party membership. This paper tries to describe the attitudinal representativeness of German party memberships in terms of left-right positions using data from two party membership studies from 1998 and 2009. In a second step, the determinants of divergent attitudes of party members from the position of the parties’ voters are analyzed on an individual level, testing four possible explanations for this. 相似文献
244.
David V. Axelsen Juliana Bidadanure Tim Meijers 《Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy》2019,22(3):237-244
AbstractIn this introduction, we underline the theoretical connection between responsibility, luck, and equality upon which luck egalitarianism rests, and we consider the social and political relevance of the approach. We then situate Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen’s version of the view as proposed in his book, Luck Egalitarianism, in the egalitarian landscape. Lastly, we introduce the six papers that make up this symposium: some are critiques from within or outside luck egalitarianism, while others engage with the theory by expanding the scope of luck egalitarianism. 相似文献
245.
Carole I. McCartney Tim J. Wilson Robin Williams 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2011,17(4):305-322
Forensic DNA profiling and databasing have become increasingly significant resources for criminal investigations in many jurisdictions.
More recently, there have been attempts to recruit these technologies into the policing of cross-border organized crime, migration
and terrorism. We examined the trajectory of one such attempt, the establishment and operationalisation of the Prüm Treaty
within the European Union. We describe the way in which early technological considerations underlying DNA profile exchange,
managed within law enforcement bureaucracies, have given way to a concern with broader societal issues and the necessity for
a multifaceted scrutiny of this particular technolegal innovation. Central to this issue is the hybrid nature of exchange
arrangements created as a result of the European Council Decision on Prüm (2008). The Prüm Treaty departs from the increasingly
normalized framework for criminal justice cooperation, and at the same time, does not facilitate DNA exchange within a more
traditional multinational instrument. We consider the significance and implications of the political decisions behind Prüm,
as well as the consequences for the development of transnational DNA exchange in terms of three key issues: technical and
scientific challenges (viability); legal challenges (legitimacy); and ethical and socioeconomic challenges (acceptability).
Unless the Prüm structure is reformed, an important and promising initiative may remain encumbered with unresolved problems
of legitimacy and acceptability. A lack of direct democratic involvement of many member states precluded the creation of consensus
on issues such as privacy, data protection and due process issues, upon which legal and political regimes could then act. 相似文献
246.
Dave Huitema Andrew Jordan Eric Massey Tim Rayner Harro van Asselt Constanze Haug Roger Hildingsson Suvi Monni Johannes Stripple 《Policy Sciences》2011,44(2):179-198
Climate policy is a relatively young and dynamic area of public policy making. However, its development has attracted far
more attention than the results it delivers in practice, which of course are the concern of policy evaluators. This article
attempts to provide the first systematic cataloging of the emerging patterns of policy evaluation undertaken in different
parts of the European Union. Theories of policy evaluation suggest that these evaluation practices should acknowledge the
inherent complexity of climate policy making, be reflexive by questioning official policy goals, and be participatory. A meta-analysis
of 259 climate policy evaluations suggests that current practice engages with some but not all of these issues. This article
concludes by analyzing the implications of this finding for those in the academic and practitioner community who are keen
to understand the extent to which climate policy evaluation is delivering on its promises. 相似文献
247.
Koller M Blanchfield K Vavra T Andrusyk J Altier M 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2012,40(3):219-232
In 1985, the Bishops' Committee on Priestly Life and Ministry recommended bishops form holistic health boards for their priests based on the results of a 1982 U.S. survey of Catholic priests. In 1995, a holistic health committee was formed under the office of the vicar for priests for the archdiocese of Chicago. One of the committee's first actions was to survey the priests of the archdiocese of Chicago to identify baseline health behaviors and needs. Survey results (n = 524; 52% response rate) revealed the need for the committee to promote health education, preventive care, and annual physicals. The committee conducted a series of health fairs, improved the insurance benefit for an annual physical, and conducted a series of health-related talks targeted to priests. A follow-up survey in 2006 (n = 389; 46% response rate) indicated improvements in health behaviors of the priests. Comparisons to statewide and national data indicate that overall, engagement in healthy behaviors is higher for priests than for men who are not priests. 相似文献
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In this paper we endeavour to isolate the top ten innovations and developments that have occurred in policing in the last thirty years. We consider that each of them brought about a new mindset, pattern or trend into contemporary police practice. We have focused our attention on the last thirty years because it is during this time that we have both maintained a keen academic interest in the field. While we have focused our attention on the way in which each has affected Australian policing, we are cognisant of the fact that many of them had their roots in other settings long before Australian policy-makers adopted or adapted them. 相似文献
250.
Christopher T. Lowenkamp Alexander M. Holsinger Tim Dierks 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2018,43(2):167-180
Jurisdictions at every level throughout the U.S. are paying an increasing amount of attention to pretrial case processing. The primary areas of attention appear to be on risk assessment development and classification, the effects of pretrial detention, and the effectiveness of various strategies that may impact a defendant’s failure to appear for their assigned court dates. The current study is a randomized experimental trial designed to test the effects of court notification strategies, using failure to appear (FTA) as the primary outcome of interest. Our findings do not reveal a palpable effect for court notification strategies (telephone calls, and text messaging, with other conditions layered in), but do indicate and reinforce the utility of an actuarial method of risk classification when predicting likelihood of FTA. 相似文献