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71.
Trans‐municipal networks (TMNs) have reshaped the landscape around local government action on global climate policy. Past research has focused on why cities join TMNs and the impact that membership has on local action. This study considers a potential reverse effect: namely, that cities' membership choices position them to influence TMNs' overall priorities. In considering this, we emphasize the role of network administrative organizations (NAOs) and posit that the multiple climate‐related networks, which share members and operate in overlapping geographic and issue spaces, are bound together as part of a meta‐network. We utilize social network analysis and data on membership in four climate‐related TMNs to examine the factors that shape how cities can influence meta‐network priorities. We find that cities with local vulnerabilities tend to be located in network positions that enable them to influence the meta‐network's overall priorities. 相似文献
72.
Monika Židková Ph.D. Rachel Horsley Ph.D. Ondřej Hloch M.D. Tomáš Hložek M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):647-650
Recreational use of the potent synthetic opioid 3,4‐ dichloro‐N‐(2‐(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)‐N‐methylbenzamide (U‐47700) is rising, accompanied by increasingly frequent cases of serious intoxication. This article reports a case of near‐fatal U‐47700 intoxication. A man was found unconscious (with drug powder residues). After 40 h in hospital (including 12 h of supported ventilation), he recovered and was discharged. Liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to detect and quantify substances in powders, serum and urine. Powders contained U‐47700 and two synthetic cannabinoids. Serum and urine were positive for U‐47700 (351.0 ng/mL), citalopram (<LOQ), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC: 3.3 ng/mL), midazolam (<LOQ) and a novel benzodiazepine, clonazolam (6.8 ng/mL) and their metabolites but negative for synthetic cannabinoids. If potent synthetic opioids become cheaper and more easily obtainable than their classical counterparts (e.g., heroin), they will inevitably replace them and users may be exposed to elevated risks of addiction and overdose. 相似文献
73.
74.
The analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is problematic because it is hygroscopic, it lacks a good UV chromophore, and it undergoes heat-induced cyclization. This paper presents a new method utilizing ion-exchange chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. The simple sample preparation, rapid analysis time, and inorganic anion detection capabilities are all advantages over the current methods. The detection of inorganic salts (formed during GHB synthesis) gives insight into the synthetic route utilized and can aid in drug seizure comparison. The developed method has a detection limit for GHB anions of 0.57 mg/L and chloride of 0.22 mg/L. A comparison of this technique with a current gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique is presented, and a t-test found that the two methods' results are not statistically different at the 99.9% confidence level demonstrating the merits of this fast, simple, and informative IC method as a routine screening tool. 相似文献
75.
How do economic freedom and culture impact economic growth? This paper argues that culture, as measured by the World Values Surveys, and economic institutions associated with economic freedom are both independently important for economic prosperity, but the strength of their impact can be better understood only when both are included in the growth regression. Our results indicate that economic freedom is more important than culture for growth outcomes, suggesting substitutability between the two. We posit that culture is important for growth when economic freedom is absent, diminishing in significance once economic freedom is established. 相似文献
76.
77.
Gender Differences in the Educational Expectations of Urban,Low-Income African American Youth: The Role of Parents and the School 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This study examined how youths’ gender is related to the educational expectations of urban, low-income African American youth,
their parents, and their teachers. As predicted, African American boys (ages 9–16) reported lower expectations for future
educational attainment than did their female counterparts. Parents and teachers also reported lower expectations for African
American boys (ages 6–16) than for girls. These findings held even when controlling for academic achievement. Contrary to
predictions, the magnitude of the difference in expectations for males vs. females did not increase as a function of youths’
age. In keeping with our hypotheses, parental expectations fully mediated the relation between youths’ gender and youths’
expectations. Finally, certain school-based factors (i.e., positive teacher expectations and positive youth perceptions of
the school environment) appeared to protect youths’ expectations from the deleterious impact of low parental expectations.
相似文献
Dana WoodEmail: |
78.
Levels of support for just world beliefs among young adults (N = 598) from four ex-Yugoslavian countries—Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and
Slovenia—were compared, taking into account victimization experiences and the general belief in a just world. Being a victim
affected an individual’s belief in a just world in the two less economically favored contexts: Victims of exclusion in Macedonia
and victims of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina were less likely to believe in a just world than non-victims. These victimization
variables partly explained why the mean scores of these two countries were less than those of the two others. A deleterious
effect of cumulative negative events on belief in a just world was identified, in parallel with a lower endorsement of the
belief when the first victimization occurred more recently. 相似文献
79.
80.
Abstract From the limited literature on older witnesses’ identification performance it is known that they are less accurate on lineups compared to younger witnesses. What is less certain is why they show this age deficit and what can be done to aid their performance. Witnesses forgot being given non-biased lineup instructions informing witnesses that the perpetrator may or may not be present. More older witnesses than younger witnesses forgot and witnesses who failed to report remembering these instructions were significantly less accurate on the lineups. In addition, the current study investigated the use of sequential lineup presentation and stringent decision criteria to aid the performance of older witnesses. Sequential presentation was beneficial to both younger and older adults when the lineup was target absent (TA) but was detrimental when the lineup was target present (TP). Stringent decision criteria had no significant beneficial effect. Future directions for aiding older witnesses’ performance are discussed. 相似文献