Vote early,vote often? Tele–democracy in European cities

This paper presents the detailed results of an empirical survey on tele–democracy in 31 European cities covering 14 states. It shows that progressive city–administrations in Europe are early adopters of tele–democracy with a diffusion rate of 72 per cent. Analysis of the survey results illustrates that cities are using tele–democracy to improve service access and the quality of services. This research shows that electronic or Internet voting is a priority for only a minority of cities. The paper suggests a typology of tele–democracy and makes wide–ranging policy suggestions. In the debate over whether information and communications technologies will have a beneficial or detrimental effect on the quality and legitimacy of local government, this paper takes an optimistic stance based on the evidence of the survey.     

美国工商界道德意识面面观

调查显示,美国有相当数量的工商界人士在本人的道德标准与企业组织要求之间进退两难。文章以准确的数据反映了美国社会工商界道德观念和行为的现状,并根据心理学家劳伦斯·科尔勃格的道德发展理论分析了经理人员不良行为产生的原因。文章分析了美国宇宙飞船“挑战者”号的失事这一案例,提出了现有的伦理道德理论和标准能否恰当地解决新技术、新形式组织和新的社会制度带来的责任问题。     

Mediation and Restorative Justice in Belgium

In this article we present, discuss and try to evaluate initiatives which were recently introduced into the Belgian criminal justice system, aimed at the development of creative answers to crime that avoid the use of traditional prison sentences. We decided to focus this analysis on the practice of mediation as it is actually considered the most innovative approach to the crime problem. Mediation as a problem-solving intervention has to be considered in direct relation to the discussion of the purpose of the criminal justice system. By putting the emphasis on the dialogue between the victim and the offender, a common solution is worked out with the help of a mediator. In this way reparation, redress and sometimes even reconciliation become core values of the penal action.     

我国行政服务中心网上联合审批研究——基于整体政府理论的分析

网上联合审批是地方政府行政服务中心探索流程再造、实现一站式审批的重要项目;然而,网上公共服务面临的"碎片化"问题是我国电子政务向纵深发展的困境,也是提高地方政府服务能力面临的棘手问题。作为回应政府治理"碎片化"问题而诞生的"整体政府"理论为我国网上联审提供了突破性思路。今后,在将相关部门整合在一个办事大厅采用电子办公的基础上,需要加强"网络"和"审批"的整合,对于文化以及社会力量的整合,方能使电子政务真正实现以服务公民为宗旨。