复合扩增9个STR位点在亲子鉴定中的应用评估

在法医学亲子鉴定中应用复合扩增及四色荧光自动分析技术检测 Profiler plusTM9个 STR位点,一次性获得的信息量大,累计非父排除率达 0.9999。应用于 268例亲子鉴定的结果表明, 9个具有高度多态性 STR基因座的联合检测,能使三联体亲子鉴定的排除结论明确无误。对不排除案例,其 RCP值均可达国际认定标准。对二联体亲子鉴定一般需增加 CofilerTM试剂盒 4个 STR位点检测。     

D1S80等位点在法医物证鉴定中应用价值评估

比较D1S80 ,DQA1+PM和CTT等位点在法医物证鉴定中应用情况 ,经研究发现 ,D1S80位点识别能力较强 ,基因遗传稳定 ,其电泳检测操作简单 ,易推广 ;DQA1+PM位点扩增片段较短 ,反向斑点杂交法灵敏度高 ,特别适用于陈旧、降解和微量生物检材的鉴定 ;CTT位点的荧光检测法稳定、可靠 ,实验结果便于保存和管理。总之 ,D1S80、DQA1+PM和CTT位点的遗传符合孟德尔定律 ,分型简便、可靠 ,在亲子鉴定和个人识别中发挥重要作用。     

交通肇事眼损伤鉴定及其VEP检查特征分析

对 30例交通肇事眼损伤鉴定及其VEP检查结果进行回顾性分析 ,旨在探讨交通肇事眼损伤鉴定的特征 ;结果表明 :与普通伤害案件相比 ,(1)交通肇事眼损伤鉴定时合并颅脑损伤 (83% )及多颅神经损伤 (53% )的比例较高 ;导致复视及眼球运动受限 (30 % )的情况较多 ;视神经损伤 (2 0 % )及眶壁骨折 (2 0 % )的发生率较高 ;鉴定时应注重这些方面的检查。 (2 )交通肇事眼损伤鉴定当事人主诉双眼视力下降 (53% )的比例较高 ,雾视法进行伪盲试验受到限制 ,VEP检查显得更为主要。VEP检查是确证视神经损伤的良好方法 ,不同程度的视功能障碍其VEP表现为波形熄灭、波形离散、波幅降低、潜伏期延长不等。另一方面 ,交通肇事后弥漫性脑组织损伤也在眼底及VEP上有一定表现。     

用反相杂交技术对HLA-DQA1基因分型及其应用

目的 :HLA -DQA1其因的分型研究及在实际办案中的应用。方法 :PCR结合反相杂交检测技术对HLA -DQA1基因进行分型。结果 :检见7种基因 ,24种基因型 ,获得上海地区HLA -DQA1基因的基因频率及基因型的频率分布数据。结论 :对法医学中常见的血液 (痕 )、牙齿、精斑、混合斑、人体组织等检材进行HLA -DQA1分型检测 ,其结果稳定可靠 ,为实际办案提供了科学依据     

STR复合扩增及荧光检测技术在个体识别中的应用

目的 :使用 310型遗传分析仪对D3S1358等 10个位点进行基因型检测并应用于法医物证学个体识别案件。方法 :用PCR复合扩增结合四色荧光检测技术对样本DNA进行基因分型。结果 :常见物证检材可成功地得到检验。结论 :这些位点适用于法医物证学个体识别。     

Erdoğan’s presidential regime and strategic legalism: Turkish democracy in the twilight zone

ABSTRACT

President Erdo?an and the AKP government initiated a comprehensive restoration process immediately after the failed coup in mid-July 2016. In fact, the country has been experiencing a very comprehensive and violent regime transformation since this time. I assert that recent political developments paved the way for institutionalization of a ‘plebiscitary presidential regime’ that depends on a particular combination of supreme power of the leader, an extremely weak parliament, and elections of a plebiscitary character. In this context, the paper aims to shed light on the role of the new strategic legalism which allows rule of law to be replaced by a rule by law approach, the executive prerogative principle to be dominant, and the law to be used for demobilization, all playing a highly critical role in the suppression of democratic opposition.     

The genesis of the ‘Exceptional’ Republic: the permanency of the political crisis and the constitution of legal emergency power in Turkey

ABSTRACT

Almost half of the political life has been experienced under the state of emergency and state of siege policies in the Turkish Republic. In spite of such a striking number and continuity in the deployment of legal emergency powers, there are just a few legal and political studies examining the reasons for such permanency in governing practices. To fill this gap, this paper aims to discuss one of the most important sources of the ‘permanent’ political crisis in the country: the historical evolution of legal emergency power. In order to highlight how these policies have intensified the highly fragile citizenship regime by weakening the separation of power, repressing the use of political rights and increasing the discretionary power of both the executive and judiciary authorities, the paper sheds light on the emergence and production of a specific form of legality based on the idea of emergency and the principle of executive prerogative. In that context, it aims to provide a genealogical explanation of the evolution of the exceptional form of the nation-state, which is based on the way political society, representation, and legitimacy have been instituted and accompanying failure of the ruling classes in building hegemony in the country.     

Homicide-suicide in Hong Kong, 1989-1998

This study provides the first systematic research of homicide-suicide (HS) in a Chinese society. Data were drawn from the HK Homicide Monitoring Data-base computer file derived from investigation and death reports held by the HK Police Force and the Coroner's Court. During the 10-year study period, 56 events involving 133 deaths were identified. The majority of offenders were males (75%) and most victims were female (64%). The mean age of offenders and victims were 41.9 and 32.3 years, respectively. Spouses and lovers comprised the majority of victims (46.4%) followed by child victims (36%). Most HS events were motivated by separation or termination of marital or sexual relations (39%), economic reasons (25%) and other domestic disputes (20%). The most frequent modes of killing were strangulation/suffocation (26%), stabbing/chopping (24%), followed by gassing/poisoning (14%) and falling from height (14%). The commonest of suicide was falling from height (48%). It was followed by gassing/poisoning (22%) and strangulation/suffocation (13%). Depression (18.3%) was found to be the commonest mental disorder. Most offenders were from low-socio-economic background. Two-third were unemployed and 76.6% had 9 or less years of education. HS in HK were distinguished from those reported in the western literature in respect to the high relevance of economic factors, the absence of mercy killing between old couples, a higher percentage of pedicide-suicides and the infrequent use of firearms.     

Common mitochondrial DNA deletion associated with sudden natural death in adults

One of the most frequent causes of death in developed countries is sudden natural death (SND), which is the most common indication for medico-legal autopsies. Cardiac diseases are frequently detected among SND. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is easily damaged by reactive oxygen species, and it may cause dysfunction in tissues, leading to early events in cardiovascular disease. A specific mtDNA deletion of 4977 bp is associated to aging, myocardial dysfunction, and bioenergetic deficit. The potential link between mtDNA damage and SND has not been investigated before. Our aim was to evaluate the accumulation of the common mtDNA4977-deletion in cardiac muscle samples from autopsies of SND in adults (n = 14) in comparison to control samples from unnatural deaths (n = 12). Serial dilution-polymerase chain reaction method was performed to estimate the proportion of the total mtDNA harboring the mtDNA4977-deletion. Coefficient variation intra-assay was 8%, and inter-assay was 12%. MtDNA4977-deletion percentage was higher in samples obtained from victims of SND than in those from subjects who died of unnatural causes (p < 0.05). No differences in mtDNA4977-deletion were found between SND victims 39-51 years old, and no correlation was found between these samples and age, r = 0.30, p = 0.29 while it was significant among control samples, r = 0.68, p < 0.05. The association between mtDNA4977 deletion with SND victims might offer a tool to provide additional information to clarify complex SND investigations.