宪政文明与和谐社会

宪政文明是政治制度文明和政治主体文明的结合体。它要求良宪、民主、法治与人权四者的结合及在实践中的运作,进而形成具有实践的制度安排与价值追求。宪政文明是实现和谐社会的制度保障,是政治发展的目标性指向和规律性要求,具有合作、妥协与平衡的优良品格。宪政精神与和谐社会的内涵有着内在的暗合共通之处,为和谐社会价值目标的实现提供了一条现实的制度路径。     

The effects of corrosive substances on human bone, teeth, hair, nails, and soft tissue

Abstract: This research investigates the effects of household chemicals on human tissues. Five different human tissues (bone, tooth, hair, fingernails, and skin/muscle/fat) were immersed into six different corrosive agents. These agents consisted of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, lye, bleach, organic septic cleaner, and Coca‐Cola^® soda. Tap water was used as a control. Tissue samples were cut to consistent sizes and submerged in the corrosive liquids. Over time, the appearance, consistency, and weight were documented. Hydrochloric acid was the most destructive agent in this study, consuming most tissues within 24 h. Sulfuric acid was the second most destructive agent in this study. Bleach, lye, and cola had no structural effects on the hard tissues of the body, but did alter the appearance or integrity of the hair, nails, or flesh in some way. The organic septic cleaner and tap water had no effect on any of the human tissue tested during the timeframe of the study.     

数罪并罚制度的实践难题及完善对策——来自浙江省金华地区的情况报告

浙江省金华市人民检察院特组织课题组在金华地区与公、检、法的办案一线干警就数罪并罚制度实践运作中遇到的问题进行了深入调研。现就调研情况进行整理述说,并在行文过程中尝试性给出一些建议性解决对策。     

人工智能算法可专利性探析——从知识生产角度区分抽象概念与具体应用

人工智能算法的客体属性是人工智能技术可专利性问题的核心。根据方法发明专利保护的发展历史可知,方法可专利性判定的原则应当是考察权利要求作为一个整体是否构成对抽象概念的具体应用。同时,历史的经验还表明,目前主流测试标准的实质要求均只构成该原则的充分不必要条件。具体适用该原则时,相比于已有区分标准,从知识生产的角度能够更有效地界分抽象概念和具体应用。根据这一标准,人工智能算法属于对抽象概念的具体应用。这样,人工智能技术的可专利性问题就转化为对抽象概念实际应用程度的阈值设置问题。鉴于行业发展现状、专利法的立法目的、我国现阶段的战略规划和法制环境,应当给予人工智能算法专利保护。     

论网络青年公益组织的发展——基于广州市B组织和W组织的对比

网络青年公益组织是指在法律规定的范围内,利用互联网信息技术,以青年人发起,用无偿或优惠条件向青年人提供服务的社会组织。作为一种新兴的公益形式,此类组织在发挥重要作用的同时,也面临政策监管不到位、运营人才缺乏、专业化程度偏低、自我造血功能不足、资金链短缺等共同困境。对比分析B组织和W组织的运行成效,从"内部流程""学习成长""顾客满意度"三个指标来看,B组织的运行更规范、成效更明显、满意度更高。究其原因,B组织的造血能力更强、人员结构更合理、人员分工更加专业、产品运行模式更具有吸引力。为进一步提升网络青年公益组织的运行成效,应发挥好政府层面的政策支持与引导作用,强化组织自身的自我赋能与自我管理,强化社会监督与营造良好氛围。     

Disruptive innovation and R&D ownership structures

Public Choice - This paper provides a theoretical explanation as to why breakthrough innovations seem to be possible only within capitalist economies (Kornai in Dynamism, rivalry, and the surplus...     

Maternal Mental Health during Children's First Year of Life: Association with Receipt of Section 8 Rental Assistance

Prior studies evaluating housing programs have found varied results for the impact of improved housing on maternal mental health. This study evaluated data from 169 families who participated in Hawaii's Healthy Start Program. The study's objective was to determine whether receipt of Section 8 rental assistance in the first year of a child's life decreased the risk of poor maternal mental health. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the association of Section 8 housing receipt with poor mental health. Overall, 50% of mothers had poor mental health at baseline, and 32% reported receipt of Section 8 housing at follow-up. Mothers who received Section 8 housing were significantly less likely to have poor maternal mental health at follow-up (adjusted odds ratio = .40; 95% confidence interval, .16–.97; p < .05). Receipt of Section 8 rental assistance in the first year of a child's life may reduce the risk of poor mental health for mothers in housing need.     

论中国特色社会主义文明体系的形成和发展

从我国改革开放初期开始,邓小平就多次强调,我们要建设的社会主义国家,不但要有高度的物质文明,而且要有高度的精神文明,两个文明都搞好,才是有中国特色的社会主义。随着中国经济社会的改革发展,以江泽民为核心的第三代中央领导集体提出了"政治文明"建设的思想。进入新世纪,根据我国经济社会发展的客观要求,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央提出了"社会文明"与"生态文明"的思想。这样,中国特色社会主义文明要素由"两大文明"要素发展到"五大文明"要素。中国特色社会主义文明要素的相互影响、相互作用,推动实现中华民族伟大复兴。