实验性脑挫伤后 Fos蛋白和 NGFR变化与损伤时间关系的研究

目的 检测分析不同损伤时间组实验大鼠脑挫伤灶周围神经细胞中 NGFR阳性染色强度变化与损伤后经过时间之间的关系,对其在脑挫伤时间推断中的作用作出评价。方法 运用免疫组织化学技术（ SABC法）,结合计算机彩色图像分析技术观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后原癌基因 c－ fos的表达产物 Fos蛋白和神经生长因子受体（ NGFR）的染色变化。结果 （ 1）伤后 0.5h组在挫伤灶周围可见 Fos阳性染色细胞出现。伤后 3h组阳性表达数量和强度达峰值,且分布广泛。后表达逐渐降低。 1d后各组未见 Fos阳性染色强度增加的细胞。对照组染色为阴性。（ 2）伤后 1d组在挫伤灶周围可见少量 NGFR阳性染色细胞,以神经细胞表达为主。伤后 3d组,阳性细胞表达与 1d组相比有显著性增强 (P< 0.01), 数 量 和 着 色 强 度 达 到 高 峰 , 量 多 且 染 色 深 。 之 后 逐 渐 缓 慢 减 弱 。 对 照 组 染 色 为 阴 性 。 可 见 脑 挫 伤 后 Fos和 NGFR在 损 伤 局 部 的 阳 性 染 色 分 别 在 伤 后 早 期 及 随 后 较 晚 时 段 里 出 现 。 前 者 表 达 时 间 短 暂 , 而 后 者 则 持 续 时 间 较 长 , 但 都 有 一 定 的 规 律 性 。 结 论 Fos蛋 白 和 NGFR变 化 可 用 于 脑 挫 伤 后 不 同 时 段 的 损 伤 时 间 推 断 。     

Community Influence on Adolescent Obesity: Race/Ethnic Differences

Using a sample of 20,000 adolescents (Add Health data), this study examined the influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity. Multilevel analyses revealed strong evidence for the unique influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity net of family characteristics. The prevalence of obesity is significantly higher in poor communities than in affluent communities; and it is higher among African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans than among Whites. The interaction between race/ethnicity and community poverty indicates that race/ethnicity moderates the influence of community poverty on the prevalence of obesity. Although the prevalence of obesity is higher among minorities than among Whites, the influence of community poverty is stronger for Whites than for minorities, suggesting that unlike Whites, most minority groups may not accrue benefits of structural community advantages. The state of being overweight as the outcome variable provided essentially the same findings. The practical implications are discussed.     

A Prospective Study of Extreme Weight Change Behaviors Among Adolescent Boys and Girls

This study examined changes in extreme weight change attitudes and behaviors (exercise dependence, food supplements, drive for thinness, bulimia) among adolescent boys and girls over a 16 month period. It also investigated the impact of body mass index, puberty, body image, depression and positive affect on these attitudes and behaviors 16 months later. The participants were 847 young adolescents (411 boys, 436 girls). Participants completed questionnaires evaluating the above variables on three occasions, eight months apart. Girls obtained higher scores on exercise dependence, drive for thinness and bulimia. Changes in depression and body image importance were the strongest predictors of changes in these extreme attitudes and behaviors among boys; changes in depression, body dissatisfaction and body image importance were the strongest predictors for girls. The need for gender specific educational and intervention programs for adolescents are discussed.Marita McCabe PhD, Professor in Psychology in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. She has completed her PhD in 1981 on adolescent development, and has been completing research on various aspects of adolescent adjustment for 30 years. To whom correspondence should be addressed at 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia;Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Australia. She completed her PhD in 1990 on Childrens Language Development. In the last 10 years she has been researching body image concerns in adolescents and children     

Ocular findings in pediatric deaths under 2 years of age (1994-2004)

Abstract:  Our purpose is to highlight novel ocular findings of 102 forensic pediatric cases under 2 years of age who die suddenly. Forensic information, grossing, and microscopic eye protocol was followed. The most common diagnosis was Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (57/102). Novel cytoid bodies were present in the retina of 72/102 cases and they were located predominantly 90% (65/72) at the anterior part of the retina ( p  < 0.001). Of the SIDS cases, 85% (47/57) showed the presence of cytoid bodies, and among all diagnosis, SIDS was the most associated with cytoid bodies ( p  = 0.003). A second observation was extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) identified in 35/102 cases and 22 of the 57 SIDS cases. The most frequent EMH location was the choroids (29/35). This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of cytoid bodies and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the retinas of SIDS cases and children who die suddenly from other causes.     

Costal cartilage calcification pattern--a clue for establishing sex identity

Radiological study of costal cartilage calcification patterns in establishing the sex identity is conducted in Southern Indians. Three major patterns of calcification capable of establishing sex identity were noticed. Calcification was not observed below the ages of sixteen years in the female and twenty years in the male. This, though seriously limits the applicability of the method to age groups of sixteen and twenty years and above in the female and male sexes respectively, the ease, rapidity and relative inexpensiveness of the procedure in both living as well as dead and decomposed, requiring little expertise, recommends its use especially where a forensic expert is readily not available.     

Incentivizing Fiscal Transfers in the Indian Federation

The sharp deterioration in the fiscal health of the states hasbeen a matter of concern for policymakers. The remedial measuresrecently taken include the institution of the Medium Term FiscalRestructuring Policy (MTFRP), stipulating performance requirementsfor borrowing from the World Bank and the Asian DevelopmentBank (ADB), and the Accelerated Power Development and ReformProgram (APDRP). This article evaluates these schemes. The importantconclusions are that (1) incentive-linked transfers are toosmall to make any difference to fiscal performances, (2) multipleschemes create segmented incentives, (3) there are serious problemsof design, and (4) the schemes do not address the basic causesof deterioration in the states 'fiscal performance.     

英租威海卫司法殖民之特性分析

本文从司法体制和司法管理,分析了英租威海卫时期的司法具有三个特点:司法不独立,具有鲜明的行政化特色;司法权外来和受限控、诉讼资源极为有限;吸收中国传统的调解制并加强规范管理,指出这些特点是英国司法殖民本性的体现。     

Forensic examination of wax seals by thin-layer chromatography

An attempt has been made to separate some of the constituents of wax seals by thin-layer chromatography, and thereby differentiate them. The method is suitable for routine forensic examinations.