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U B Birchler-Argyros 《Archiv für Kriminologie》1985,175(1-2):1-12
Witch's marks and injecta, two magical phenomena discussed in the law-courts are here examined from the perspective of forensics and medical history. While stigmata were already deprived of their magical aura in the time of Zacchias, injecta continue to puzzle legal medicine for a long time. Gradually the solution is discovered in natural (diseases, dermatology) and psychological (simulation) phenomena. 相似文献
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Giampaolo Piga M.Sc. Tim J. U. Thompson Ph.D. Assumpciò Malgosa Ph.D. Stefano Enzo M.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):534-539
Abstract: In view of the difficulties in extracting quantitative information from burned bone, we suggest a new and accurate method of determining the temperature and duration of burning of human remains in forensic contexts. Application of the powder X‐ray diffraction approach to a sample of human bone and teeth allowed their microstructural behavior, as a function of temperature (200–1000°C) and duration of burning (0, 18, 36, and 60 min), to be predicted. The experimental results from the 57 human bone sections and 12 molar teeth determined that the growth of hydroxylapatite crystallites is a direct and predictable function of the applied temperature, which follows a nonlinear logistic relationship. This will allow the forensic investigator to acquire useful information about the equilibrium temperature brought about by the burning process and to suggest a reasonable duration of fire exposure. 相似文献
318.
In forensic science, automated firearms identification is an important and yet unsolved problem. On the way to the solution, one of the most important phases is data acquisition. To be able to identify firearms in a reliable way, all the striated and impressed marks on metallic surfaces of cartridge cases should be visible. But two-dimensional images of cartridge cases are very sensitive to the type and direction of the light source(s). Depending on illumination conditions, the images of marks change drastically and sometimes they simply disappear. But, if the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the surface is obtained, the geometry of the marks, which is independent of the illumination, is available. Thus, by providing illumination independent features that can be used for automated matching, 3D data have the potential to make automated matching much reliable. In the literature on data acquisition for automated firearms identification, a few different ways of three-dimensional surface extraction are described, like laser interferometry or laser profilometry. This study presents a real life application of another method, photometric stereo, for the acquisition of 3D topographic data for cartridge cases, which is the one used in BALISTIKA Ballistics Image Analysis and Recognition System. In order to construct 3D topographic data, first of all, two-dimensional images were acquired using a specially designed set-up. After the images were calibrated radiometrically, photometric stereo method was applied. In order to minimize the low-frequency errors in the final surface, a surface-fitting algorithm was used. The method uses low-cost equipment and image acquisition is not time-consuming. Results were compared to interferometric measurement values for error assessment. 相似文献
319.
Corruption is a serious and enduring problem in Turkey. As such, a series of sustained and synchronized actions are needed
to promote integrity, and to prevent and punish corrupt practices in public life. In most recent years, subsequent cabinets
have promulgated a set of laws, regulations, and measures in the name of fighting against corruption. Yet, building a clean
government remains as a daunting, if not insurmountable, task for policy makers and the public at large in Turkey. The current
paper begins with a brief introduction, summarizing the need for new, more effective anti-corruption policies and practices
in the country. Then, it succinctly describes and assesses the main ‘pillars’ of the ‘national integrity system.’ The paper
moves on to identify and evaluate the chief ‘perils,’ challenges and risks associated with efforts aiming to contribute to
integrity, transparency and accountability in Turkish society. Finally, the paper discusses the ‘prospects’ for building a
clean government in Turkey in the near future. Among the issues brought to the present debate are: the need for a credible
commitment by the ruling elites for establishing a well-functioning integrity regime; effective coordination and collaboration
among a wide range of institutional actors; developing a set of coherent principles and policies; and creating capacity to
prevent, prosecute, and punish corrupt behaviors. It is also argued that building a clean government in Turkey requires a
strong and sustainable coalition among the clean, the competent, and the competitive.
相似文献
Muhittin Acar (Corresponding author)Email: |
Uğur EmekEmail: |
320.
In an agency that provided court ordered domestic violence treatment, practitioners observed that recently arrived Latino
immigrant men failed to respond to the Duluth model. This observation led to implementation of a culturally sensitive intervention
that took into consideration Latino cultural values and environmental stressors on immigrant families. Healing themes were
selected that required the men to confront personal trauma and negative acculturation experiences and connect these to conflict
and partner abuse. The approach was designed to help the men stop the abuse, preserve partner relationships, and strengthen
family life. The goal was not to equalize power between male and female partners, but to help the men gain the attitudes and
relationship skills needed for respectful and compassionate family leadership. 相似文献