办案情况说明的证据学思考

办案情况说明在刑事司法实践中经常使用,但一直没有得到足够的研究,导致很难正确理解其的证据属性,影响了处理刑事案件的质量,因此有必要从证据法学的角度研究办案情况说明。本文论述了办案情况说明作为证据形式存在的必要性,分析了办案情况说明的种类,论证了办案情况说明的证据属性,指出了办案情况说明的证据采信规则,以及具体适用时须注意的一些程序性问题。     

Direct mixed and open questions in child interviewing: An analog study

Purpose. This study evaluated the relative value of direct questions, open‐ended questions, and mixed questions (including cued invitations) in eliciting accurate statements from young children about a known episode. Methods. Children, 25 aged 5–7 years, and 25 aged 10–12 years, were interviewed concerning a standardized experience the previous week. Direct, mixed, and open‐ended question sequences were counterbalanced between participants. Transcribed videos were assessed for quantity and quality of statements. Results. Mixed questions tended to fall in the middle, between direct and open questions on length of statement, and number of errors. For the younger children, direct questions, but not mixed questions, increased the number of errors of commission in subsequent open question sequences. Cued invitations, where the direct portion of the mixed question pair reiterated information previously elicited from the child, produced fewer errors of omission than mixed questions without adding errors of commission. Conclusions. Mixed questions, especially cued invitations, were found to be a useful alternative for obtaining specific content when open questions alone were not sufficient. Support for conducting the interview in an ‘inverted pyramid’ or ‘funnel’ fashion was found in an analog study where ground truth was firmly established.     

论土地管理中的价值标准

在法律制度设计中,公平是土地用益物权配置追求的目标,效率是实现土地用益物权制度功能的内在动力。公平的价值准则和效率的价值判断共同适用于对土地用益物权配置的评判,缺失了公平,土地法律制度就会迷失方向;缺少了效率,土地法律制度就失去了活力和动力。公平与效率之间从根本上是一致的,但也可能存在矛盾,为此,应当实现公平与效率之间的协调和平衡。     

论行政诉讼的证明标准

行政诉讼证明标准是法官在行政诉讼过程中,根据相关证据判定指控事实成立与否的心证标准。与民事诉讼证明标准、刑事诉讼证明标准相比,其具有自己的特点,应该根据行政行为的多样性以及行政诉讼的独特性确定中国行政诉讼的证明标准。     

法律英语汉译中的障碍及对策——从工具书的角度

学者云,“翻译之事,定名最难”;而古人也有教诲说,“公欲善其事,必先利其器”,故工具书中术语的准确定位事关翻译意旨的顺利实现;故针对法律英语词典的误译、涵盖面不广、未对近义词进行辨析以及大量非词汇化词条等问题,词典编辑者应尽其所能对工具书予以完善,以排除法律英语翻译时因工具书而造成的障碍。     

Copymarks: a suggestion for simple management of copyrighted material

There are several initiatives addressing the use of mark‐up languages or other means for clarifying the rights claimed by the right‐holder when making material available on the World Wide Web. An attempt is made to sketch a rather broad and historical background for using abbreviations triggering legal consequences. It is argued that the use of meta‐tags and similar formalised inserts directed at programs rather than humans has legal effects, taking the electronic commerce directive as an example. In addition, a simple scheme for introducing ‘copymarks’ for indicating the level of protection claimed by the right‐holder is suggested, with some indications for development in a multi‐agent environment.     

论警察圈套的使用

警察圈套也叫诱惑侦查、侦查陷阱,它似一把双刃剑,用好了有利于公安刑侦工作,用不好会有损公安形象。国际社会对警察圈套各有不同的规定,根据我国情况可以有条件地使用。使用警察圈套时应该注意五大限制,并应正确处理警察圈套的设置不当。     

论侦查讯问中的暗示方法

暗示法在侦查讯问中的运用有助于讯问目的的实现。常见的暗示方法有语言暗示、行为暗示、情境暗示。从心理与法律的角度,侦查讯问中运用暗示法有其必要性和可能性。暗示法虽然没有被我国及其它国家法律明文禁止,但其一方面有隐瞒真实的一面,即隐瞒讯问意图及掌握证据的真实情况,与欺骗的方法有相似之处;另一方面具有诱导被暗示者按照侦查人员的推测与想象回答问题的功能,与引诱方法有相似之处。如果暗示法运用不当,极易产生欺骗、引诱之嫌疑。因此,正确区分暗示与欺骗、暗示与引诱,解决暗示法的合法性十分必要。     

哈贝马斯与韦伯合理化理论之比较

哈贝马斯和韦伯的合理化理论是一脉相承的,但二者在世界图景假设、哲学基础、理论性质三方面部有所不同。韦伯立足于超验世界和经验世界的对立来建构其合理化理论,因此其哲学基础是意识哲学,建构的合理性是普遍真理的形式合理性。哈贝马斯的合理化理论的世界图景假设是经验世界内的系统和生活世界的对立,其哲学基础是语言哲学,建构的合理性是共识的交往合理性。