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Ursula Kilkelly 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2011,55(2-3):133-151
The Irish police practice of diverting young offenders was placed within a statutory framework in 2001. The police discretion in the management of young offenders that had been a feature of the administrative process was retained at the heart of the new statutory programme although attempts were made to streamline the process. This article critiques the law, policy and practice underpinning the exercise of that discretion against the relevant international human rights standards on transparency, accountability and professionalism in juvenile justice. It reveals how the management of the programme in practice falls short of these standards and, in particular, the due process rights of the children who come within its reach. It argues that the root of the problem lies primarily in the lack of published criteria to guide the discretionary decision-making at several stages of the programme, and the lack of a credible complaint or review mechanism for the children affected. It recommends the publication of reasons for decisions taken in the exercise of Garda discretion in individual cases, together with provision for review or appeal of such decisions as well as regular independent monitoring of the operation of the programme as a whole. 相似文献
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Ursula E. Daxecker 《国际相互影响》2015,41(4):699-717
Recent systematic work on the incidence of maritime piracy shows the importance of various political, economic, and geographic correlates at the country level. Yet these correlates tell us little about the determinants of piracy location off states’ coasts, despite the fact that piracy is well known to cluster locally. Conceptualizing pirates as strategic actors who consider the risk of detection and capture, this article argues that states’ ability to project power over distance affects pirates’ decisions on where to organize and operate. As state capacity increases, piracy will locate farther away from government power centers, whereas piracy can flourish closer to state capitals in weak states that struggle to extend control over space. Using geocoded data from the International Maritime Bureau for the 1996–2013 period, results show that increases in state capacity are associated with greater median capital--piracy distances. These findings are robust to several changes in model specification. Our results have important implications for the study of piracy and crime. 相似文献
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Ursula Lehmkuhl 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2003,44(4):583-584
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Ursula T?ttel Gergana Bulanova-Hristova Edward R. Kleemans 《Trends in Organized Crime》2012,15(2-3):260-265
The 4th Research Conference ??OC research in Western European States?? took place in November 2011 in Wiesbaden. The conference was organized by the Bundeskriminalamt and is part of the project ??International Research Network on Organized Crime??, funded by the European Commission in the framework of the ISEC programme. This article provides an insight into the current state of research on organized crime in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. 相似文献
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Liberal conceptions of property rights are commonly associated with the idea of absolute, exclusive individual ownership. This article aims to show that, and why land constituted a special problem for eighteenth-century justifications of private property. Kant and Adam Smith are taken as the major exponents of eighteenth-century liberalism—of its natural-rights basis and its utilitarian orientation respectively. Their arguments against the still-existing feudal encumbrances, that is,'collective' forms of landownership, reveal a fundamental tension between libertarian and egalitarian premisses in liberal theory. The vindication of full individual ownership rests crucially upon the right to equal liberty —to an initial equality of starting chances. Yet this assumption of a substantive equality becomes an empty phrase to the extent that the idea of society's original common entitlement to natural resources loses all practical, political meaning. 相似文献
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The Children's Television Act of 1990 (CTA) represents the culmination of more than 25 years of controversy and debate about the public policies needed to insure that broadcasters provide adequate service to the child audience, consistent with their public interest obligations. In approving the Act, the Congress expected to accomplish significant increases in the educational and informational programming available to children on broadcast television. How well has this law worked to achieve that goal? This study seeks to answer that question by examining the children's programming reports contained in recent license renewal files submitted to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). 相似文献
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Germany's ambivalent attitude toward nuclear weapons is the result of an intricate rivalry between competing principles and goals of foreign and security policy-making. A deeply engrained strategic culture of anti-nuclearism and anti-militarism competes with a belief in collective defense and alliance cohesion. Similarly, the long-held belief in multilateralism is time and again challenged by newly emerging claims for leadership within multilateral institutions. The strategically rather insignificant non-strategic nuclear weapons issue provides a nodal point around which these conflicting principles came to the fore. 相似文献
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Ursula Mense-Petermann 《Berliner Journal für Soziologie》2006,16(3):393-411
The article takes ?transnationalization“, understood as a qualitative change in structures and strategies of internationally operating organizations, as the starting point for a discussion of the relation between organization and culture, as well as of possibilities to theorize this relation. ?Classical“ concepts of this relation, it is argued, have problems to adequately grasp the phenomenon of transnationalization. It is suggested to adopt a practice-theoretical approach to culture in organizational analysis in order to achieve a better understanding of processes of transnationalization. By doing so, internationally comparative organization studies could overcome the old debate on convergence versus divergence of organizational structures and strategies. 相似文献