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721.
Yunji Kim 《Local Government Studies》2018,44(1):44-63
ABSTRACTCities continue to face fiscal challenges after the Great Recession and alternative service delivery is being emphasised as a solution. How promising is alternative service delivery as a solution and what are its barriers? Regression analyses using 2012 survey data of US local governments show that local governments manage procedural barriers, but structural barriers of economy and demography hinder privatisation and cooperation. Places with a housing bust (measured as decline in home values) can use privatisation, but not places with more or increased poverty. Cooperation is more promising for places with increased poverty, but lack of a willing partner hinders this spatially constrained tool. Neither cooperation nor privatisation is promising for places with low home values. State governments must level the playing field for localities with weak economies if market approaches to service delivery are the main tools for local governments to survive fiscal stress. 相似文献
722.
This article explores how different types of governance systems shape different forms of political violence. We identify four governance types by combining the “institutional” dimension of coalition size represented by a minimum winning coalition (MWC) and the “ethno-political” dimension represented by the size of ethnic groups participating in the governing coalition. This study hypothesizes that (a) an exclusive system (small MWC; narrow-based ethnic coalition) is likely to engender civil war, (b) an oversized system (small MWC; broad-based ethnic coalition) is likely to generate a coup, and (c) an undersized system (large MWC; narrow-based ethnic coalition) is likely to stimulate riots or protests. Statistical analyses confirm all three hypotheses, implying that opposition groups choose alternative forms of conflict that maximize their chances of accessing power under different governance configurations. The article concludes by identifying three possible paths toward inclusive governance and suggesting that institutional reform before ethnic inclusion makes a transition toward inclusive governance far less dangerous. 相似文献
723.
Myunghee Kim 《Contemporary Politics》2009,15(3):337-353
The changing dynamics of international politics such as the expansion of the European Union, the growing importance of Asia, and the post-11 September environment have raised great concern about US soft power all over the world. At the governmental level, transpacific relationships may have encouraged military, economic and sociopolitical collaboration. The Asians' perceptions about US soft power at the individual level, however, may not be consistent with the governmental level. By using the 2003 AsiaBarometer survey, this article examines the factors that contribute to individuals' perceptions about US soft power in seven Asian nations – China, India, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Three main factors – military, economic and sociopolitical – are considered. Higher assistance by the US government engenders positive responses from the respondents. For causal relationships, economic and sociopolitical variables, rather than the military variable, enforce individuals' positive perceptions about US soft power, according to the multilevel estimates. 相似文献
724.
Nam-Kook Kim 《Asia Europe Journal》2009,7(2):295-312
This paper traces the possibility of East Asian integration through comparison with the early stage of European integration
on three different levels: ideas, national interests, and international circumstance. Judging from the European experience,
ideas always come first, then national interest contests, and eventually the international circumstance conditions the context.
I compare the multilateral approach in Europe with the imperial hegemony competition in East Asia, Adenauer’s regionalization
policy in Europe with the Yoshida line of Westernization detouring from Asia, and the US and Russia’s different roles in the
two regions as external forces constraining the international order. My conclusion for the future of East Asia is located
somewhere between views of procedural divergence and fundamental skepticism. I worry about integration for the sake of integration
in which regional integration is presupposed as inherently good. Such discourse will easily be deteriorated and such a blind
community simply collapses when circumstances change. For these reasons, there needs to be an adequate discussion regarding
for what, by whom, and through which method integration is achieved. 相似文献
725.
关于斯大林是否劝阻中共渡江问题再分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在斯大林是否曾"劝阻中共渡过长江"的问题上,上世纪80年代中国史学界曾进行过热烈争论.1994年俄国学者齐赫文斯基在俄国<近现代史>杂志发表了<1949年1月的函电往来>一文,公布了斯大林与毛泽东就国共和谈问题的往来电报,有的学者根据1月14日电报,认为斯大林没有"劝阻渡江".①笔者在俄罗斯查到了斯大林与毛泽东往来函电的原件以及其他原始文件,依据这些文件对斯大林是否曾劝阻中共渡江问题试做一次新的辨析,认为斯大林的几封电报及1949年1月底米高扬所说的"联合政府"就是斯大林"劝阻渡江"的根据. 相似文献
726.
Authoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policymaking: top‐down pressure from the regime and bottom‐up motivations derived from local conditions. Existing studies recognize the importance of both forces, but remain unclear as to how they interact and which of them is more influential in driving local policy adoption. Focusing on two health insurance integration policies in China, we find that when the policy entails substantial class or distributive conflicts and bureaucratic friction, top‐down pressure for compliance is a dominant driver for local policy adoption; when the policy does not entail such conflicts or bureaucratic infighting, bottom‐up motivations based on local economic geography together with top‐down pressure drive local adoption. We find support for this argument from an analysis of an original city‐level data set in China from 2004 to 2016. This study has implications for social policy reform, decentralization, and government responsiveness in authoritarian countries with multilevel governance. 相似文献
727.
Rebecca A. Colman Do Han Kim Susan Mitchell-Herzfeld Therese A. Shady 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):355-366
Although the number of girls served by the juvenile justice system has grown dramatically, little is known about the adult
offending patterns of delinquent girls and the factors associated with their persistence and desistance from adult crime.
To address this gap, we prospectively track 499 girls (62% Black, 16% Hispanic) discharged from juvenile justice facilities
in the early 1990s and document their adult arrests, convictions, and incarcerations between the ages of 16–28. Trajectory
analysis reveals four distinct early adult offending paths: Rare/Non-Offending (RN), Low Chronic (LC), Low-Rising (LR), and
High Chronic (HC). Girls assigned to the LR and LC path are responsible for a disproportionate amount of adult arrests and
are more likely than girls on the RN and LC path to come from homes characterized by high levels of family dysfunction and
child maltreatment. Adoption of a therapeutic, trauma-sensitive and family-centered approach to female delinquency programming
is recommended.
相似文献
Rebecca A. ColmanEmail: |
728.
Lisa L. Liu Aprile D. Benner Anna S. Lau Su Yeong Kim 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(4):572-586
This study examined the role of adolescents’ and mothers’ self-reports of English and heritage language proficiency in youth’s
academic and emotional adjustment among 444 Chinese American families. Adolescents who were proficient in English tended to
exhibit higher reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, and overall GPA. Mothers who were English proficient tended
to have children with higher academic achievement and fewer depressive symptoms. Results also indicated that adolescents’
heritage language maintenance was associated with positive adjustment, particularly amongst foreign-born youth and for youth
whose parents were highly proficient in the heritage language. Mother-adolescent match in heritage language proficiency was
related to higher math achievement scores and overall GPA. Additionally, higher heritage language proficiency was associated
with fewer depressive symptoms for foreign-born but not U.S.-born youth. Overall, the findings suggest that proficiency in
both the English and heritage language may confer advantages to Chinese American youth.
Lisa L. Liu is a doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received her Masters in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests focus on the mental health of immigrant and minority families, including the role of parenting practices, parent–child relations, and socio-cultural factors on youth adjustment. Aprile D. Benner is a postdoctoral fellow at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research interests center on adolescent development of low-income and minority youth, specifically investigating how adolescents navigate transition experiences in the early life course and how social contexts influence development. Anna S. Lau is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. A major objective of her research is to enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority families and children at risk of parenting and child behavior problems. She has authored over 30 articles in the fields of children’s mental health services, child maltreatment, and minority family adjustment. Su Yeong Kim is an Assistant Professor in the School of Human Ecology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of California, Davis. Her research interests include the role of cultural and family contexts that shape the development of adolescents in immigrant and minority families in the U.S. 相似文献
Lisa L. LiuEmail: |
Lisa L. Liu is a doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she received her Masters in Clinical Psychology. Her research interests focus on the mental health of immigrant and minority families, including the role of parenting practices, parent–child relations, and socio-cultural factors on youth adjustment. Aprile D. Benner is a postdoctoral fellow at the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research interests center on adolescent development of low-income and minority youth, specifically investigating how adolescents navigate transition experiences in the early life course and how social contexts influence development. Anna S. Lau is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. A major objective of her research is to enhance the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority families and children at risk of parenting and child behavior problems. She has authored over 30 articles in the fields of children’s mental health services, child maltreatment, and minority family adjustment. Su Yeong Kim is an Assistant Professor in the School of Human Ecology, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. She received her Ph.D. in Human Development from the University of California, Davis. Her research interests include the role of cultural and family contexts that shape the development of adolescents in immigrant and minority families in the U.S. 相似文献
729.
Developmental taxonomies of crime disagree on whether distinctive offender trajectories are related to common or unique risks.
This study examined childhood risks of differing arrest trajectories across childhood through early adulthood (from ages 10–11
to 26–27 years) that were identified in prior work for 203 at-risk, predominantly Caucasian young men. Multivariate analyses
revealed that when both distal (childhood risk factors) and proximal risk factors (deviant peer association as a time-varying
covariate) were included in the model, relatively few childhood risk factors (assessed at age 9–10 years) discriminated the
chronic offender groups from rare offenders (i.e., child antisocial behavior, child attention problems, parents’ antisocial
behavior). Rather, deviant peer association was significantly related to levels of offending within each trajectory group (i.e., chronic and rare offender groups). No predictor differentially predicted membership in the two
chronic groups, supporting the linear gradation argument. Theoretical and prevention implications are discussed. 相似文献
730.
Aekyung Kim 《The Pacific Review》2018,31(2):267-277
In this special section, the present article reviews South Korean perspectives on China's ‘periphery diplomacy’ with a focus on Chinese behaviour with respect to the East China Sea maritime territory and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). By analysing research papers published by various Korean research institutions and academic journals, this article demonstrates that most Korean scholars hold that as long as China's growth goes on, the tensions between the US and China are likely to intensify. The article also shows that one of the primary concerns of South Korean scholars lies in the question of how South Korea should respond to changing regional orders and a rising China. The article argues that South Korea's strategic dilemma is reflected in a regional structure in which competition between two great powers has recently forced the periphery to impose bilateral ties on. 相似文献