Social Capital, Rehabilitation, Tradition: Support for Restorative Justice in Japan and Australia

This paper investigates the attitudes and beliefs that the public hold about criminal behaviour in Japanese and Australian society, with a view to uncovering sources of resistance to, and support for, restorative justice. The study draws on a survey of 1,544 respondents from Japan and 1,967 respondents from Australia. In both societies, restorative justice met with greater acceptance among those who were (1) strong in social capital, (2) believed in offender reintegration and rehabilitation, (3) saw benefits for victims in forgiveness, and (4) were advocates for victims?? voices being heard and amends made. The alternative ??just deserts?? and deterrence models for dealing with crime were grounded in attitudes of punitiveness and fear of moral decay, and reservations about the value of reintegrating and rehabilitating offenders. Like restorative justice supporters, ??just deserts?? and deterrence supporters expressed concern that victims?? voices be heard and amends made. Winning public support for competing institutional arrangements may depend on who does best in meeting expectations for meeting the needs of victims.     

127例蛛网膜下腔出血案例的法医学研究

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)对保险公司的直接请求权,从而缓解了患者在请求赔偿方面的特点及法医学鉴定要点。方法通过对华西医科大学法医鉴定中心1983-2001年尸检检出的127例各种原因所致的SAH案例进行回顾性分析。结果各类SAH案例,男性明显多于女性,男女性别比为3:1,高峰年龄为21~40岁。按SAH常见特征可分为外伤性、脑血管畸形、动脉瘤、脑血管粥样硬化、中毒、伴发于心脏疾患、其他等八类。其中,外伤性与脑血管畸形最为多见。外伤性SAH与脑血管畸形出血可见于任何年龄,多见于11~50岁,脑血管粥样硬化出血仅见于50岁以上者,动脉瘤破裂出血者并不多见,见于11~50岁。以SAH为死亡原因者,32例,占25%,多见于脑血管畸形与动脉瘤破裂,出血部位多见于脑底及小脑天幕以下。大多数SAH,出血部位多见于大脑表面,较为局限,出血量较少,非死亡的主要原因。结论多数SAH并非导致死亡的主要原因,SAH死亡者,其死亡性质多属自然死亡。     

Public perceptions of police misconduct and discrimination: Examining the impact of media consumption

The media portrayal of policing is juxtaposed with both positive and negative representations. As a result, a complex relationship exists between media consumption and public attitudes towards the police. The purpose of this study was to test the impact that media consumption had on attitudes toward police misconduct and discrimination. The findings revealed that heavy consumers of network news were more likely to believe that police misconduct was a frequent event. This was especially true for minority respondents. Similarly, minority respondents that frequently viewed network news were more likely to believe that Whites received better treatment by the police. Finally, the findings revealed that frequent viewers of police dramas believed that the wealthy received preferential treatment from the police. Conversely, frequent viewers of crime solving shows believed that the wealthy did not receive preferential treatment.     

医疗纠纷中篡改病历相关法律责任研究

病历是医院最常见的文书之一。在法律上,病历也充当着重要的证据作用。在医疗纠纷中,病历是一把双刃剑,高质量的病历可以是医务人员的保护伞,反之则会是其最大的敌人。但是在医务人员在医疗纠纷中篡改病历的现象并不少见。关于篡改的病历的证据作用以及对相关人员的处理,国内外学者存在着不同的认识。